Emanuel Leutze
Emanuel Leutze | |
---|---|
Born | |
Died | July 18, 1868 Washington, D.C., U.S. | (aged 52)
Resting place | Glenwood Cemetery Washington, D.C., U.S. |
Nationality | German American |
Education | John Rubens Smith Karl Friedrich Lessing |
Known for | History painter |
Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze (May 24, 1816 – July 18, 1868) was a German-born American
Biography
Leutze was born in Schwäbisch Gmünd, Kingdom of Württemberg. Later he was brought to the United States as a child in 1825.[1] His parents settled first in Fredericksburg, Virginia, and then at Philadelphia. The first development of his artistic talent occurred while he was attending the sickbed of his father, when he attempted drawing to occupy the long hours of waiting.[2] His father died in 1831.[3] At 14, he was painting portraits for $5 apiece. Through such work, he supported himself after the death of his father.[4] In 1834, he received his first instruction in art at the classes of John Rubens Smith,[5] a portrait painter in Philadelphia. He soon became skilled, and promoted a plan for publishing, in Washington, portraits of eminent American statesmen; however, he was met with slight encouragement.[2]
Europe
In 1840, one of his paintings attracted attention and gave him several orders, which enabled him to attend the
During his years in Düsseldorf, he was a resource for visiting Americans: he found them places to live and work, provided introductions, and gave them emotional and even financial support.[3] For many years, he was the president of the Düsseldorf Artists' Association; in 1848, he was an early promoter of the "Malkasten" art association; and in 1857, he led the call for a gathering of artists which originated the founding of the Allgemeine deutsche Kunstgenossenschaft.[4] A strong supporter of Europe's
New York City and Washington, D.C.
In 1859, Leutze returned to the United States and opened a studio in New York City.
Leutze also executed other portraits, including one of fellow painter William Morris Hunt. That portrait was owned by Hunt's brother Leavitt Hunt, a New York attorney and sometime Vermont resident, and was shown at an exhibition devoted to William Morris Hunt's work at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston in 1878.[12]
In 1860, Leutze was commissioned by the
Late in life, he became a member of the
Leutze's portraits are known for the artistic quality of their patriotic romanticism, and his epic Washington Crossing the Delaware ranks in the utmost echelon of American national iconography
Gallery of works
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Christopher Columbus before the Queen Isabela (1843)
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Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British (1852)
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Washington Rallying the Troops at Monmouth (c. 1851-1854)
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Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio (1865)
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Portrait of William Morris Hunt (ca. 1845)
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General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam (1863)[15]
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Nathaniel Hawthorne (1862)
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Political Cartoon of the American Civil War, c. 1860s, National Gallery of Art
Footnotes
- ^ According to one art critic, minor historical inaccuracies in Leutze's painting include the Betsy Ross flag, which was created about one year after the event; soldiers used a different type of boat for the crossing; and Washington is depicted older than he was at the time of the crossing at age 44. The soldiers' uniforms are accurately depicted, and the painting correctly conveys colonial unity and pride.[9] The official United States flag was adopted by Congress on June 14, 1777.[10]
References
- ISBN 978-0-19-533579-8.
- ^ a b c d Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1892). . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.
- ^ OL 3512328M.
- ^ a b Moritz Blanckarts (1883), "Leutze, Emanuel", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 18, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 500–502
- ^ . (subscription required)
- ^ Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter: Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren. 1854, S. 139.
- Barratt, Carrie Rebora (2011). Washington Crossing the Delaware. Restoring an American Masterpiece. MET publications. S. 7.
- ^ "Washington at Monmouth," American Heritage Magazine, June 1965, AmericanHeritage.com Archived 2008-06-08 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Parrish, R. Nelson (2017). "21 Flags". 21 Flags: Investigating American Identity.
- ^ Preble, George Henry (1917). "Origin and history of the American flag and of the naval and yacht-club signals, seals and arms, and principal national songs of the United States, with a chronicle of the symbols, standards, banners, and flags of ancient and modern nations". p. 259.
- ^ Downes, William Howe (1933). "Leutze, Emanuel". Dictionary of American Biography. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
- ^ Exhibition of the Works of William Morris Hunt, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, John C. Dalton, Alfred Mudge & Son, Boston, 1879
- ^ Heiderstadt, Dorothy (1970). Painters of America. New York: D. McKay Co. p. 88.
- . p. 227.
- ^ Harrington, Peter. "Emanuel Leutze's Portrait of General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam". Brown University Library. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
Additional References:
- Wierich, Jochen. Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism.
- Hutton, Anne Hawkes (1975). Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware. Radnor, Pennsylvania: Chilton Book Company. ISBN 0-8019-6418-0.
- Irre, Heidrun. Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware, einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, ISBN 978-3-95747-033-1 https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ Archived 2017-01-18 at the Wayback Machine
- New International Encyclopedia
External links
- Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate
- Emanuel Leutze
- Introduction to Washington's Crossing Archived 2007-03-11 at the Wayback Machine by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting.
- New International Encyclopedia. 1905.
.
- Collier's New Encyclopedia. 1921. .
- Reynolda House Museum of American Art
- Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index)