Embraer E-Jet family

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Embraer E-Jet family
(E170 / E175 / E190 / E195)
Embraer 190 operated by JetBlue
Role Narrow-body airliner
National origin Brazil
Manufacturer Embraer
First flight 19 February 2002
Introduction 17 March 2004 with LOT Polish Airlines
Status In production
Primary users SkyWest Airlines
Republic Airways
Envoy Air
Mesa Airlines
Produced 2001–present
Number built 1,671 as of 30 June 2023[1][2]
Variants Embraer Lineage 1000
Developed into Embraer E-Jet E2 family

The Embraer E-Jet family is a series of four-abreast, narrow-body, short- to medium-range, twin-engined jet airliners designed and produced by Brazilian aerospace manufacturer Embraer.

The E-Jet was designed as a complement to the preceding ERJ family, Embraer's first jet-powered regional jet. Designed to carry between 66 and 124 passengers, it was larger than any prior aircraft built by the company. The project's existence was revealed in early 1997 and was formally introduced at the Paris Air Show two years later. On 19 February 2002, the first prototype E-Jet conducted its maiden flight; later that year, quantity production of the type commenced. In early March 2004, the first E170 deliveries were made to LOT Polish Airlines. Larger versions of the aircraft, the E190 and E195, debuted later in 2004, while a slightly stretched version of the E170 was introduced in mid-2005 as the E175.

The E-Jet series has been a commercial success primarily due to its ability to efficiently serve lower-demand routes while offering many of the same amenities and features of larger jets. Initial teething issues were quickly overcome and Embraer rapidly expanded product support for better global coverage. The E-Jet family is commonly used by both mainline and regional airlines around the world and has become particularly popular with regional airlines in the United States. It has also served as the basis for the Embraer Lineage 1000 business jet. During the 2010s, Embraer developed a second generation, the E-Jet E2 family, with more fuel-efficient engines. However, as of 2023, the first generation E175 remains in production, to fulfill demand from regional airlines in the United States, which cannot use the newer generation due to scope clause restrictions.

Development

Background

During the 1990s, the Brazilian aerospace manufacturer Embraer had introduced the ERJ family, its first jet-powered regional jet.[3] As demand for the ERJ series proved strong even early on, the company decided that it could not rely on one family of aircraft alone and examined its options for producing a complementary regional jet, including designs that would be larger and more advanced than its preceding aircraft.[4][5]

Four-abreast seating in a Virgin Australia E190

During March 1997, Embraer made its first public disclosure that it was studying a new 70-seat aircraft, which was initially referred to as the EMB 170; this reveal was issued concurrently with the announcement of the development of the

ERJ 145.[7] The proposed derivative would have cost $450 million to develop.[8]
While
ATR 42/72 fuselage for a 2,200 km (1,200 nmi; 1,400 mi) range, AI(R) and Embraer were studying a joint development of a 70-seater jet since their separate projects were not yet launched.[9]

In February 1999, Embraer announced it had abandoned the derivative approach in favour of an all-new design.[10][4] On 14 June 1999, the E-Jet family was formally launched at the Paris Air Show,[11] initially using the twin designations ERJ-170 and ERJ-190; these were subsequently changed to Embraer 170 and Embraer 190 respectively. The launch customers for the airliner were the French airline Régional, which placed ten orders and five options for the E170, and the Swiss airline Crossair, which had ordered 30 E170s and 30 E190s.[12]

During July 2000, production of components for the construction of both the prototype and test airframes began.[10] Difficulties with the advanced avionics selected for the aircraft, supplied by the American company Honeywell, led to delays in the development schedule; originally, the first flight had been set to take place during 2000.[13] On 29 October 2001, the first prototype PP-XJE was rolled out at São José dos Campos, Brazil.[14][11]

Intro flight

On 19 February 2002, the first prototype performed its maiden flight, marking the beginning of a multi-year flight test campaign involving a total of six prototypes.[15] In May 2002, the aircraft was displayed to the public at the Regional Airline Association convention. During that same year, full-rate production of the E-Jet commenced; this activity was centred around a recently-completed factory built by Embraer at its São José dos Campos base.[16]

After a positive response from the airline community, Embraer launched the E175, which stretched the fuselage of the E170 by 1.78 metres (5.8 ft).[17] During June 2003, the first flight of the E175 took place.[18] In April 2003, jetBlue placed an order for 100 Embraer 190s, the deliveries of which commenced two years later.[19]

Following several delays in the certification process, the E170 received type certification from the civil aviation authorities of Brazil, Europe and the United States in February 2004.[18][20]

Production

In 2008, the 400th E-jet was delivered to Republic Airways in the United States.[21] In September 2009, the 600th E-jet was delivered to LOT Polish Airlines.[22] On 10 October 2012, Embraer delivered the 900th E-Jet to Kenya Airways, its 12th E-Jet.[23] On 13 September 2013, the delivery of the 1,000th E-Jet, an E175 to Republic Airways for American Eagle, was marked by a ceremony held at the Embraer factory in São José dos Campos, with a special "1,000th E-Jet" decal above the cabin windows.[21][24]

On 6 December 2017, the 1,400th E-Jet was delivered, an E175; it had a backlog of over 150 firm orders on 30 September 2017.[25]

On 18 December 2018, Embraer delivered the 1,500th E-Jet, an E175 to

Alaska Air subsidiary Horizon Air, as Embraer claims an 80% market share of the North American 76-seaters. By this point, the fleet had completed 25 million flight hours in 18 million cycles (an average of 1.4 h) with a 99.9% dependability.[26]

E-Jets Second Generation

An E190-E2 of Widerøe, its launch operator
Main article: Embraer E-Jet E2 family

In November 2011, Embraer announced that it would develop revamped versions of the E-Jet to be called the E-Jet E2 family. The new jets would feature improved engines that would be more fuel efficient and take advantage of new technologies.

Mitsubishi Regional Jet.[28] The new aircraft family also includes a much larger variant, the E195-E2 capable of carrying between 120 and 146 passengers. This jet better positions Embraer against the competing Airbus A220
aircraft. The PW1000G was previously selected for use on competing aircraft.

In January 2013, Embraer selected the

EASA.[31] It was scheduled to enter service in the second quarter of 2018.[32]

Design

The flight deck of a China Southern Airlines Embraer E-Jet series aircraft

The Embraer E-Jet family is composed of two main commercial families and a

horizontal stabilizer and landing gear structures. From the onset, the E-Jet had been designed to be stretched.[13] The E170 and E175 share 95% commonality, as do the E190 and E195; the two families share near 89% commonality, maintaining identical fuselage cross-sections and avionics fitouts.[19] The E190 and E195 possess capacities similar to the initial versions of the McDonnell Douglas DC-9 and Boeing 737. All members of the E-Jet family are available in baseline, long range (LR), and advanced range (AR) models, the latter being intended for long routes with limited passenger numbers.[33]

The smaller members of the E-Jet family are powered by the

winglets that reduce fuel burn and thereby improve operational efficiency.[34][36]

The E-Jet family is equipped with advanced avionics, which includes a fly-by-wire flight control system.[13] The flight deck is furnished with the Honeywell Primus Epic Electronic flight instrument system (EFIS) suite and has been designed to facilitate a common type rating, enabling flight crews to be readily moved between different members of the family without the need for any retraining/recertifying and providing greater flexibility to operators.[37] Early operations of the E-Jet were frequently troubled by avionics issues; by September 2008, Honeywell had issued software updates that sought to rectify the encountered issues.[38]

The main cabin is configured with four-abreast seating (2+2) as standard, and features a "double-bubble" design that Embraer has purpose-developed for its commercial passenger jets to provide stand-up headroom.

Boeing 787.[36]

Operational history

LOT Polish Airlines operated the first E-jet commercial flight on 17 March 2004 with an E170.

In early March 2004, the first E170 deliveries were made to LOT Polish Airlines, other customers to receive early deliveries were Alitalia and US Airways-subsidiary MidAtlantic Airways.[20][39] On 17 March 2004, LOT operated the first commercial flight of an E-Jet, which flew from Warsaw to Vienna.[40] Within four years, LOT was sufficiently pleased with the type to order 12 additional E175s.[41] Launch customer Crossair had in the meantime ceased to exist after its takeover of Swissair, leading to the cancellation of these orders.[13] Furthermore, fellow launch customer Régional chose to defer its order,[10] not receiving its first E-jet—an E190LR—until 2006.[42]

During July 2005, the first E175 was delivered to

Jazz branding, thereby ending its affiliation between Sky Regional Airlines and Air Canada; accordingly, all of the E175s were transferred to Jazz.[45]

Early operations of the E-Jet were not problem-free: the American operator JetBlue reported engine troubles with its fleet, while cold start hydraulic issues were experienced by Air Canada.[5][46][47] Embraer had to undertake a rapid expansion of its product support network in order to satisfy the needs of its mainline operators; by October 2014, the company had two directly-owned service centers, alongside nine authorized centers and 26 independent MRO organizations around the globe, while directly employing 1,200 staff for product support alone. In response to customer demands, the company also developed web-based support.[5]

BA CityFlyer, a subsidiary of British Airways, operates a fleet of 21 E190s, typically flying routes from London City Airport to various destinations both within the United Kingdom and continental Europe.[34][48] CityFlyer has publicly stated that a key factor in it opting for the E-Jet over competitors such as the De Havilland Canada Dash 8 was due to its greater speed.[49] The procurement of E-Jets by CityFlier led to other competing British regional airliners taking interest in the type;[50] on 20 July 2010, Flybe ordered 35 E175s valued at US$1.3 billion (£850 million), along with options for 65 more (valued at $2.3 bn/£1.5 bn) and purchase rights for a further 40 (valued at $1.4 bn/£0.9 bn), deliveries of which commenced in November 2011.[51][52]

On 6 November 2008, the

Buffalo International Airport over 2,694 nmi (4,989 km; 3,100 mi), a re-positioning flight after a two-month charter for vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin.[53][importance?
]

On 14 October 2017, an

Avro RJ85 landed at Saint Helena Airport on 3 May 2017.[55]

Variants

E170

The E170 is the smallest aircraft in the E-Jet family and was the first to enter revenue service in March 2004. As of 2017, the E170 went out of production.

Bombardier CRJ700 and loosely with the turboprop Bombardier Q400
.

The jet is powered with

General Electric CF34-8E engines of 14,200 pounds (62.28 kN) thrust
each.

E175

An E175 operated by SkyWest Airlines for Alaska Airlines, equipped with the angled winglets of later models.

The E175 is a slightly stretched version of the E170 and first entered revenue service with launch customer Air Canada in July 2005.

BAe 146 and Fokker 70. As of 2024
, it is the only aircraft currently produced in this market segment.

The E175 was initially equipped with the same style of

winglets as the rest of the E-Jet family. Starting in 2014, the winglets were made wider and more angled. Those winglets and other changes to the aircraft over time have improved efficiency. Embraer said that aircraft produced after 2017 consume 6.4% less fuel than original E175 aircraft.[57] The angled winglets increase the wingspan from 26 m (85 ft 4 in) to 28.65 m (93 ft 11 in).[58] This winglet change was only made available to the E175 and no other models in the family.[59]

In late 2017, Embraer announced the E175SC (special configuration), limited to 70 seats like the E170 to take advantage of the E175 performance improvements but still comply with US airline

Bombardier CRJ700 with better efficiency and a larger first class.[60]

In 2018, a new E175 had a value of

ERJ 145 demonstrates the limited remarketing opportunities.[61]

As of 2024[update], the E175 remains in production, with strong demand from

E175-E2 due to scope clause restrictions on maximum takeoff weight.[62]

E190 and E195

The E190 launch customer JetBlue took its first delivery in 2005.
Flybe started E195 operations on 22 September 2006.

The E190/195 models are larger stretches of the E170/175 models fitted with a new, larger wing, a larger horizontal stabilizer, two emergency overwing exits, and a new engine. Both the Embraer 190 and Embraer 195 are fitted with two underwing-mounted General Electric CF34-10E turbofan engines, rated at 82.29 kN (18,500 lbf). The engines are equipped with full authority digital engine control (FADEC). The fully redundant, computerized management system continuously optimizes the engine performance resulting in reduced fuel consumption and maintenance requirements. The aircraft carries 13,000 kg (29,000 lb) of fuel and is fitted with a Parker Hannifin fuel system.

Two slightly different versions of the E190[63] and the E195[64] exist: LR and AR.

The aircraft is equipped with a Hamilton Sundstrand auxiliary power unit and electrical system. The GE CF34-10E, rated at 18,500 lb (82.30 kN), is the only powerplant offered for the aircraft. These aircraft compete with the

Bombardier CRJ-1000 and Airbus A220-100, the Boeing 717, 737-500, and 737-600, and the Airbus A318. It can carry up to 100 passengers in a two-class configuration or up to 124 in the single-class high-density configuration.[65]

On 12 March 2004, the first flight of the E190 took place,

Dash 8 Q400 and Embraer 175, in an effort to reduce costs, by 2020.[68]

Air Canada operated 45 E190 aircraft fitted with 9 business-class and 88 economy-class seats as part of its primary fleet. They were retired in May 2020. American Airlines operated E190s until 2020.[69] JetBlue and Georgian Airways operate the E190 as part of their own fleet. Austrian Airlines have 17 E195 aircraft in their mainline fleet.[70]

By 2018, early E190s were valued at under US$10 million and could be leased for less than US$100,000 per month, while the most recent aircraft were worth US$30 million and could be leased for less than US$200,000 per month.[71]

Freighter conversions

On 7 March 2022, Embraer confirmed their intent to enter the cargo market, offering conversions of E190 and E195 aircraft to freighters. These will make their first flights in 2024.[72]

Embraer Lineage 1000

Main article: Embraer Lineage 1000
US Federal Aviation Administration
on 7 January 2009. The first two production aircraft were delivered in December 2008.

Undeveloped variants

Embraer considered producing an aircraft which was known as the E195X, a stretched version of the E195. It would have seated approximately 130 passengers. The E195X was apparently a response to an American Airlines request for an aircraft to replace its McDonnell Douglas MD-80s.[73] Embraer abandoned plans for the 195X in May 2010, following concerns that its flight range would be too short.[74]

Commercial names and official model designations

The commercial names used for the E170 and E190 families differ from the official model designations, as used (for instance) with the Type-Certificates, and in national registries.[75][dead link][76][dead link]

Marketing designation Official model designation
Embraer 170LR ERJ 170-100 LR
Embraer 170STD ERJ 170-100 STD
Embraer 175LR ERJ 170-200 LR
Embraer 175STD ERJ 170-200 STD
Lineage 1000 ERJ 190-100 ECJ
Embraer 190AR ERJ 190-100 IGW
Embraer 190LR ERJ 190-100 LR
Embraer 190SR ERJ 190-100 SR
Embraer 190STD ERJ 190-100 STD
Embraer 195AR ERJ 190-200 IGW
Embraer 195LR ERJ 190-200 LR
Embraer 195STD ERJ 190-200 STD

Operators

Main article: List of Embraer E-Jet operators
See also: Embraer E-Jet E2 family

As of December 2022, the four largest operators of E-Jet family were SkyWest Airlines (236), Republic Airways (230), Envoy Air (116), and Mesa Airlines (80).

Orders and deliveries

List of Embraer's E-Jet family deliveries and orders:[77][78]

Model Orders Deliveries Backlog Major operators
E170 191 191 — Republic Airways (56), Envoy Air (21), J-Air (18), S7 Airlines (17)
E175 937 746 191 SkyWest Airlines (236), Republic Airways (174), Envoy Air (101), Mesa Airlines (80)
E190 568 568 — JetBlue (48), Aeroméxico Connect (46), KLM Cityhopper (32), Tianjin Airlines (31)
E195 172 172 — Azul Brazilian Airlines (51), Porter Airlines (29), Tianjin Airlines (20), Austrian Airlines (17)
Total 1,778 1,677 191
Embraer E-Jets firm orders
Customer Country E175
Air Peace Nigeria 5
American Airlines United States 90
Envoy Air United States 7
Horizon Air United States 9
Overland Airways Nigeria 2
Republic Airlines United States 51
SkyWest Airlines United States 23
Undisclosed 4
Totals 191

Accidents and incidents

The E-Jet has been involved in 21 incidents, including eight hull losses:[79]

Accidents with fatalities

Hull losses with no fatalities

  • On 17 July 2007, Aero República Flight 7330 overran the runway while landing at Simón Bolívar International Airport in Santa Marta, Colombia. The E190 slid down an embankment off the side of the runway and came to rest with the nose in shallow water. The aircraft was damaged beyond repair, but all 60 aboard evacuated unharmed.[85]
  • On 16 September 2011, an E190 operated by TAME landed long and ran off the end of the runway at Mariscal Sucre International Airport in Quito, colliding with approach equipment and a brick wall. The crew reportedly failed to adhere to the manufacturer's procedures in the event of a flap malfunction, continuing the approach in spite of the aircraft's condition. Eleven of the 103 aboard received minor injuries, and the aircraft was written off.[86]
  • On 31 July 2018,
    windshear that caused a loss of speed and lift" with contributing factors from the crew and the Navigation Services.[88]
  • On 11 November 2018 Air Astana Flight 1388 on a flight from Alverca Airbase, Portugal, to Almaty suffered severe control issues including flipping over and diving sharply. The crew activated the direct mode for flight controls which allowed sufficient control to make an emergency landing on the third attempt at Beja Airbase in Portugal with serious damage sustained during these high-G maneuvers. It was subsequently written-off and broken up. The investigation revealed that the aileron cables were installed incorrectly, causing reversal of aileron controls. The investigation blamed the manufacturer of the airplane for the poorly written maintenance instructions, the supervising authorities for lack of oversight over the maintenance crew, who lacked the skill to perform the maintenance, and the flight crew for failing to notice the condition during pre-flight control checks.[89]
  • On 18 February 2024,
    Dusseldorf International Airport, operated by an E195 leased from Marathon Airlines, overran the runway on take-off and struck the runway's instrument landing system antenna array. The aircraft sustained substantial damage to the fuselage, left wing root, and left stabiliser. After 58 minutes, the aircraft landed back safely at Belgrade, and there were no casualties. After the incident, Air Serbia cancelled its contract with Marathon Airlines; the aircraft will reportedly be retired and scrapped.[90][91][92][93]

Other incidents

Specifications

See also: Embraer E-Jet E2 specifications
Variant E170 E175 E190 E195
Cockpit crew Two
Typical seating 66 (6J + 60Y) 76 (12J + 64Y) 96 (8J + 88Y) 100 (12J + 88Y)
Maximum seats 78 88 114 124
Height × width 2.00 m × 2.74 m (6 ft 7 in × 9 ft 0 in)
Length 29.90 m (98 ft 1 in) 31.67 m (103 ft 11 in) 36.25 m (118 ft 11 in) 38.66 m (126 ft)
Wingspan 26.01 m (84 ft 4 in) STD: 26.01 m (84 ft 4 in)
LR: 28.65 m (94 ft) 		28.73 m (94 ft 3 in)
Wing area 72.72 m2 (783 sq ft)[95] 92.53 m2 (996 sq ft)[96]
Aspect ratio 9.3 8.91
Height 9.83 m (32 ft 3 in) 9.86 m (32 ft 4 in) 10.57 m (34 ft 8 in) 10.54 m (34 ft 7 in)
Maximum takeoff weight 38,600 kg (85,098 lb) 40,370 kg (89,000 lb) 51,800 kg (114,199 lb) 52,290 kg (115,280 lb)
Operating empty weight 21,141 kg (46,608 lb) 21,890 kg (48,259 lb) 27,837 kg (61,370 lb) 28,667 kg (63,200 lb)
Maximum payload 9,759 kg (21,515 lb) 10,110 kg (22,289 lb) 13,063 kg (28,800 lb) 13,933 kg (30,716 lb)
Max fuel 9,335 kg (20,580 lb) 12,971 kg (28,596 lb)
Turbofans (2×) General Electric CF34-8E General Electric CF34-10E
Thrust 14,200 lbf (63 kN) 20,000 lbf (89 kN)
Maximum speed Mach .82 (470 kn; 871 km/h; 541 mph) @ 41,000 ft (12,000 m)
Cruise Mach .75 (430 kn; 797 km/h; 495 mph) Mach .78 (447 kn; 829 km/h; 515 mph)
Range[a] 2,150 nmi (3,982 km; 2,470 mi) 2,200 nmi (4,074 km; 2,500 mi) 2,450 nmi (4,537 km; 2,820 mi) 2,300 nmi (4,260 km; 2,600 mi)
Takeoff (MTOW, ISA, SL) 1,644 m (5,394 ft) 2,244 m (7,363 ft) 2,100 m (6,890 ft) 2,179 m (7,149 ft)
Landing (MLW, ISA, SL) 1,241 m (4,072 ft) 1,261 m (4,137 ft) 1,244 m (4,081 ft) 1,275 m (4,183 ft)
References [97][98][99][100] [101][102][103][104] [105][106][107][108] [65][109][110][111]

See also

E190 planform view

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

Notes

  1. ^ 100 nm alternate, typical mission reserves

References

Citations

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Bibliography

  • Eden, Paul E. "The World's Most Powerful Civilian Aircraft". Rosen Publishing Group, 2016. ISBN 1-4994-6589-0.

External links

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Embraer E-Jets (category)
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