Emil Czyrniański
Emil Czyrniański | |
|---|---|
Doctor Honoris Causa 1859 from Jagiellonian University | |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | General chemistry and pharmacy |
| Institutions | Jagiellonian University |
Emilian (also Emil) Czyrniański (
Early life
Czyrniański was born on 26 January 1824 in
Scientific career
In 1849 Rochleder invited him to be his assistant at Charles University in Prague. There in 1850 he developed an original theory of the causes of chemical bonding which he wrote up in a paper, Wirujące niedziałki ("Swirling particles"). In 1851 at the young age of 27 he began an independent teaching and research career when he was appointed assistant professor in chemistry in Kraków. Soon Czyrniański undertook a systematisation of Polish chemical terminology which he published as Słownictwo polskie chemiczne (1853). His proposal was widely accepted by Polish research chemists. Evidence of his success was that his terminology was adopted for school textbooks in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria for close on fifty years.[3] This was closely followed by his publication of Wykład chemii nieorganicznej zastosowanej do przemysłu, rolnictwa i medycyny, (An applied inorganic chemistry manual for industry, agriculture and medicine) produced in an accessible language to explain practical applications of chemical science.
In 1859 he became professor of
Research
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Part of his research focused on the chemical analysis of naturally occurring mineral water from the spa towns of Krynica-Zdrój and Iwonicz-Zdrój. As a result of his work, the medicinal trend to "take the waters" in those resorts grew exponentially.[3] His other research included such areas as:
- Teoryja tworzenia się połączeń chemicznych na podstawie ruchu wirowego atomów, (A theory of chemical bonding based on the swirling movement of atoms). 1862
- Rozwinięcie krytyczne teoryi chemicznej opartej na ruchach wirowych niedziałek, (The development of a critical theory of chemistry based on the swirling of particles). 1876
- Teoryja mechaniczno-chemiczna oparta na ruchach wirowych niedziałek, (A mechanical-chemical theory based on the movement of particles). 1876
- Teoryja chemiczno-fizyczna na podstawie przyciągania się i ruchu wirowego niedziałek, (A physical and chemical theory based on the attraction and swirling of particles). 1884[3]
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He completed a synthesis of chemical science as it stood in his day, devoting three separate textbooks to the fields of organic and inorganic chemistry:
- Chemija nieorganiczna i organiczna zastosowana do przemysłu, rolnictwa i lékarstwa (t. 1-2, 1866–1867) on (inorganic and organic chemistry and its applications in industry, agriculture and in pharmacies), in two volumes. 1866-67
- Chemija nieorganiczna ułożona dla uniwersytetów i akademij technicznych on (inorganic chemistry for use in universities and technical academies). 1874
- Chemija nieorganiczna mniejsza ułożona dla szkół realnych on (elements of inorganic chemistry presented for secondary schools). 1874 [3]
Political opposition
His early years at the University were difficult as he waged a single-handed battle with the occupying Austrian authorities by insisting on taking courses in Polish and not in the prescribed German. His political stance brought him close to dismissal from his academic post.
Death
Czyrniański died suddenly of a
Bibliography
- Theorie auf der rotirenden Bewegung der Atome basirt (in German).
- Neue Chemische Theorie Durchgeführt Durch Alle Unorganischen Verbindungen in Allgemeinen Formeln (in German).
See also
- List of Poles
References
- ^ a b Leopoldina (in German). 1888. p. 111. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
- ^ a b "CZAS" (in Polish). 15 April 1888. p. 3. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
- ^ ISBN 978-83-7666-232-9. A volume about Lemko influence on Polish culture and science
- ^ Minakowski, Marek Jerzy. "Twórca UE Mąż Krewnej Kaczyńskiego to Żyd z Dębicy" (in Polish). Retrieved 2020-03-03.
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