Emirate of Diriyah
Emirate of Dir'iyah إِمَارَةُ الدِّرْعِيَّةِ ( Arabic ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| 1727–1818 | |||||||||||||||||||||
.svg) Abdullah I | |||||||||||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||||||||||
• Ottoman–Saudi War | 1818 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Currency | Diriyah Riyal | ||||||||||||||||||||
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The Emirate of Diriyah (
Muhammad bin Saud, and the religious leader Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab formed an alliance to found a socio-religious reform movement to unify the many states of the Arabian Peninsula.[4]
History
Early establishment
The
Shi'a holy city of Karbala in 1801. Here they destroyed the shrine of the saints and monuments and killed over 5000 civilians.[5]
In retribution, Abdulaziz was assassinated by a young Shia in 1803, having followed him back to Najd.
Muhammad bin Abd Al Wahhab died in 1792. In 1803, eleven years after his death, the son of Abdulaziz bin Muhammad,
Ta'if was the first city to be captured, and later the two holy cities of Mecca and Medina. This was seen as a major challenge to the authority of the Ottoman Empire
, which had exercised its rule over the holy cities since 1517.
Decline of sovereignty
The task of weakening the grip of the House of Saud was given to the powerful viceroy of
Second Saudi State that lasted until 1891, and later a third state, Saudi Arabia, which the Al Saud continue to rule up to the present day.[9]
List of rulers
- Emir Muhammad bin Saud1727–1765 (1139–1179 H)
- Emir Abdulaziz bin Muhammad 1765–1803 (1179–1218 H)
- Emir Saud bin Abdulaziz1803–1814 (1218–1229 H)
- Emir Abdullah bin Saud1814–1818 (1229–1233 H)
See also
- Saudi Founding Day
- List of Sunni Muslim dynasties
References
- ^ James Norman Dalrymple Anderson. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Stacey International, 1983. p. 77.
- ^ "Saudi Arabia to commemorate 'Founding Day' on Feb. 22 annually: Royal order". Al Arabiya English. 27 January 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
- ^ "History of the Kingdom | kingdom of Saudi Arabia – Ministry of Foreign Affairs". www.mofa.gov.sa. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
- ISBN 978-0-521-74754-7.
- ^ "Karbala". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
- ^ Sauds's campaign for Hejaz and the two holy cities Archived 14 September 2010 at the Wayback Machine, Islam Life online magazine
- ^ Abdullah bin Saud's capture Archived 6 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine, King Abdullah Ibn Saud Information Resource
- ^ Abdullah bin Saud's execution Archived 6 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine, King Abdullah Ibn Saud Information Resource
- ^ House of Saud Revivals Archived 7 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine, King Abdullah Ibn Saud Information Resource
Further reading
- William Facey; Philip Hawkins (10 March 1997). Dirʻīyyah and the first Saudi state. Stacey International. ISBN 978-0-905743-80-6. Retrieved 26 December 2011.