Emoji
An emoji (
Originally meaning pictograph, the word emoji comes from Japanese
History
Evolution from emoticons (1990s)
The emoji was predated by the
In 1999,
Kurita's emoji were brightly colored, albeit with a single color per
Development of emoji sets (2000–2007)
The basic 12-by-12-pixel emoji in Japan grew in popularity across various platforms over the next decade. This was aided by the popularity of DoCoMo i-mode, which for many was the origins of the smartphone.[clarification needed] The i-mode service also saw the introduction of emoji in conversation form on messenger apps. By 2004, i-mode had 40 million subscribers, exposing numerous people to emoji for the first time between 2000 and 2004. The popularity of i-mode led to other manufacturers offering their own emoji sets. While emoji adoption was high in Japan during this time, the competitors failed to collaborate to create a uniform set of emoji to be used across all platforms in the country.[37]
The
Nicolas Loufrani applied to the US Copyright Office in 1999 to register the 471 smileys that he created.[43] Soon after he created The Smiley Dictionary, which not only hosted the largest number of smileys at the time, it also categorized them.[44] The desktop platform was aimed at allowing people to insert smileys as text when sending emails and writing on a desktop computer.[45] By 2003, it had grown to 887 smileys and 640 ascii emotions.[46]
The smiley toolbar offered a variety of symbols and smileys and was used on platforms such as MSN Messenger.[47] Nokia, then one of the largest global telecom companies, was still referring to today's emoji sets as smileys in 2001.[48] The digital smiley movement was headed up by Nicolas Loufrani, the CEO of The Smiley Company.[45] He created a smiley toolbar, which was available at smileydictionary.com during the early 2000s to be sent as emoji are today.[49]
Over the next two years, The Smiley Dictionary became the plug-in of choice for forums and online instant messaging platforms. There were competitors, but The Smiley Dictionary was by far the most popular. Platforms such as MSN Messenger allowed for customisation from 2001 onwards, with many users importing emoticons to use in messages as text. These emoticons would eventually go on to become the modern day emoji. It was not until MSN Messenger and BlackBerry noticed the popularity of these unofficial sets and launched their own from late 2003 onwards.[50]
Beginnings of Unicode emoji (2007–2014)
The first American company to take notice of emoji was Google beginning in 2007. In August 2007, a team made up of Mark Davis and his colleagues Kat Momoi and Markus Scherer began petitioning the Unicode Technical Committee (UTC) in an attempt to standardise the emoji.[51] The UTC, having previously deemed emoji to be out of scope for Unicode, made the decision to broaden its scope to enable compatibility with the Japanese cellular carrier formats which were becoming more widespread.[40] Peter Edberg and Yasuo Kida joined the collaborative effort from Apple Inc. shortly after, and their official UTC proposal came in January 2009 with 625 new emoji characters. Unicode accepted the proposal in 2010.[51]
Pending the assignment of standard Unicode
Separately, a proposal had been submitted in 2008 to add the ARIB extended characters used in broadcasting in Japan to Unicode. This included several pictographic symbols.[56] These were added in Unicode 5.2 in 2009, a year before the cellular emoji sets were fully added; they include several characters which either also appeared amongst the cellular emoji[54] or were subsequently classified as emoji.[57]
After iPhone users in the United States discovered that downloading Japanese apps allowed access to the keyboard, pressure grew to expand the availability of the emoji keyboard beyond Japan.[58] The Emoji application for iOS, which altered the Settings app to allow access to the emoji keyboard, was created by Josh Gare in February 2010.[59] Before the existence of Gare's Emoji app, Apple had intended for the emoji keyboard to only be available in Japan in iOS version 2.2.[60]
Throughout 2009, members of the
The Unicode emoji whose code points were assigned in 2014 or earlier are therefore taken from several sources. A single character could exist in multiple sources, and characters from a source were unified with existing characters where appropriate: for example, the "shower" weather symbol (☔️) from the ARIB source was unified with an existing umbrella with raindrops character,[63] which had been added for KPS 9566 compatibility.[64] The emoji characters named "Rain" ("雨", ame) from all three Japanese carriers were in turn unified with the ARIB character.[54] However, the Unicode Consortium groups the most significant sources of emoji into four categories:[65]
Source category | Abbreviations | Unicode version (year) | Included sources | Example |
---|---|---|---|---|
Zapf Dingbats | ZDings, z | 1.0 (1991) | ITC Zapf Dingbats Series 100 |
❣️ (U+2763 ← 0xA3)[66] |
ARIB | ARIB, a | 5.2 (2008) | ARIB STD-B24 Volume 1 extended Shift JIS | ⛩️ (U+26E9 ← 0xEE4B)[67] |
Japanese carriers | JCarrier, j | 6.0 (2010) | NTT DoCoMo mobile Shift JIS |
🎠 (U+1F3A0 ← 0xF8DA)[68] |
au by KDDI mobile Shift JIS |
📌 (U+1F4CC ← 0xF78A)[68] | |||
SoftBank 3G mobile Shift JIS |
💒 (U+1F492 ← 0xFB7D)[68] | |||
Wingdings and Webdings | WDings, w | 7.0 (2014) | Webdings | 🛳️ (U+1F6F3 ← 0x54)[69] |
Wingdings | 🏵️ (U+1F3F5 ← 0x7B)[69] | |||
Wingdings 2 |
🖍️ (U+1F58D ← 0x24)[69] | |||
Wingdings 3 |
▶️ (U+25B6 ← 0x75)[69][a] |
UTS #51 and modern emoji (2015–present)
In late 2014, a Public Review Issue was created by the
Unicode 8.0 (June 2015) added another 41 emoji, including articles of sports equipment such as the cricket bat, food items such as the taco, new facial expressions, and symbols for places of worship, as well as five characters (crab, scorpion, lion face, bow and arrow, amphora) to improve support for pictorial rather than symbolic representations of the signs of the Zodiac.[b][73]
Also in June 2015, the first approved version ("Emoji 1.0") of the Unicode Emoji report was published as Unicode Technical Report #51 (UTR #51). This introduced the mechanism of skin tone indicators, the first official recommendations about which Unicode characters were to be considered emoji, and the first official recommendations about which characters were to be displayed in an emoji font in absence of a
With the release of version 5.0 in May 2017 alongside Unicode 10.0, UTR #51 was redesignated a Unicode Technical Standard (UTS #51), making it an independent specification rather than merely an informative document.[77] As of July 2017,[update] there were 2,666 Unicode emoji listed.[78] The next version of UTS #51 (published in May 2018) skipped to the version number Emoji 11.0, so as to synchronise its major version number with the corresponding version of the Unicode Standard.[79]
The popularity of emoji has caused pressure from vendors and international markets to add additional designs into the Unicode standard to meet the demands of different cultures. Some characters now defined as emoji are inherited from a variety of pre-Unicode messenger systems not only used in Japan, including
Corporate demand for emoji standardization has placed pressures on the Unicode Consortium, with some members complaining that it had overtaken the group's traditional focus on standardizing characters used for minority languages and transcribing historical records.
In 2022, the Unicode Consortium decided to stop accepting proposals for flag emoji, citing low use of the category and that adding new flags "creates exclusivity at the expense of others".[84][85] The Consortium stated that new flag emoji would still be added when their country becomes part of the ISO 3166-1 standard, with no proposal needed.[84][85]
Cultural influence
Some emoji are specific to Japanese culture, such as a bowing businessman (U+1F647 🙇 ), the shoshinsha mark used to indicate a beginner driver (U+1F530 🔰 ), a white flower (U+1F4AE 💮 ) used to denote "brilliant homework",[91] or a group of emoji representing popular foods: ramen noodles (U+1F35C 🍜 ), dango (U+1F361 🍡 ), onigiri (U+1F359 🍙 ), curry (U+1F35B 🍛 ), and sushi (U+1F363 🍣 ). Unicode Consortium founder Mark Davis compared the use of emoji to a developing language, particularly mentioning the American use of eggplant (U+1F346 🍆 ) to represent a phallus.[92] Some linguists have classified emoji and emoticons as discourse markers.[93]
In December 2015 a sentiment analysis of emoji was published,[94] and the Emoji Sentiment Ranking 1.0[95] was provided. In 2016, a musical about emoji premiered in Los Angeles.[96][97] The computer-animated The Emoji Movie was released in summer 2017.[98][99]
In January 2017, in what is believed to be the first large-scale study of emoji usage, researchers at the University of Michigan analyzed over 1.2 billion messages input via the Kika Emoji Keyboard[100] and announced that the Face With Tears of Joy was the most popular emoji. The Heart and the Heart eyes emoji stood second and third, respectively. The study also found that the French use heart emoji the most.[101] People in countries like Australia, France, and the Czech Republic used more happy emoji, while this was not so for people in Mexico, Colombia, Chile, and Argentina, where people used more negative emoji in comparison to cultural hubs known for restraint and self-discipline, like Turkey, France and Russia.[102]
There has been discussion among legal experts on whether or not emoji could be admissible as evidence in court trials.[103][104] Furthermore, as emoji continue to develop and grow as a "language" of symbols, there may also be the potential of the formation of emoji "dialects".[105] Emoji are being used as more than just to show reactions and emotions.[106] Snapchat has even incorporated emoji in its trophy and friends system with each emoji showing a complex meaning.[107] Emoji can also convey different meanings based on syntax and inversion. For instance, 'fairy comments' involve heart, star, and fairy emoji placed between the words of a sentence. These comments often invert the meanings associated with hearts and may be used to 'tread on borders of offense.'[108]
In 2017, the
Use in furthering causes
This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: some browsers do not display these emojis, so an additional png image would be helpful. (June 2022) |
On March 5, 2019,
A
Linguistic function of emoji
Linguistically, emoji are used to indicate emotional state, they tend to be used more in positive communication. Some researchers believe emoji can be used for visual rhetoric. Emoji can be used to set emotional tone in messages. Emoji tend not to have their own meaning but act as a paralanguage adding meaning to text. Emoji can add clarity and credibility to text.[117]
Sociolinguistically, the use of emoji differ depending on speaker and setting. Women use emoji more than men. Men use a wider variety of emoji. Women are more likely to use emoji in public communication than private communication. Extraversion and agreeableness are positively correlated with emoji use, neuroticism is negatively correlated. Emoji use differ between cultures: studies in terms of Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory found that cultures with high power distance and tolerance to indulgence used more negative emoji, while those with high uncertainty avoidance, individualism, and long-term orientation use more positive emoji.[117] An 6-country user experience study showed that emoji-based scales (specifically the usage of smileys) may ease the challenges related to translation and implementation for brief cross-cultural surveys.[118]
Emoji communication problems
Research has shown that emoji are often misunderstood. In some cases, this misunderstanding is related to how the actual emoji design is interpreted by the viewer;[119] in other cases, the emoji that was sent is not shown in the same way on the receiving side.[120]
The first issue relates to the cultural or contextual interpretation of the emoji. When the author picks an emoji, they think about it in a certain way, but the same character may not trigger the same thoughts in the mind of the receiver.[121]
For example, people in China have developed a system for using emoji subversively, so that a smiley face could be sent to convey a despising, mocking, and even obnoxious attitude, as the
The second problem relates to technology and branding. When an author of a message picks an emoji from a list, it is normally encoded in a non-graphical manner during the transmission, and if the author and the reader do not use the same software or operating system for their devices, the reader's device may visualize the same emoji in a different way. Small changes to a character's look may completely alter its perceived meaning with the receiver. As an example, in April 2020, British actress and presenter Jameela Jamil posted a tweet from her iPhone using the Face with Hand Over Mouth emoji (🤭) as part of a comment on people shopping for food during the COVID-19 pandemic. On Apple's iOS, the emoji expression is neutral and pensive, but on other platforms the emoji shows as a giggling face. Many fans were initially upset thinking that she, as a well off celebrity, was mocking poor people, but this was not her intended meaning.[123]
Researchers from German Studies Institute at Ruhr-Universität Bochum found that most people can easily understand an emoji when it replaces a word directly – like an icon for a rose instead of the word 'rose' – yet it takes people about 50 percent longer to comprehend the emoji.[citation needed]
Variation and ambiguity
Emoji characters vary slightly between platforms within the limits in meaning defined by the Unicode specification, as companies have tried to provide artistic presentations of ideas and objects.
Some Apple emoji are very similar to the SoftBank standard, since SoftBank was the first Japanese network on which the iPhone launched. For example, U+1F483 💃
Journalists have noted that the ambiguity of emoji has allowed them to take on culture-specific meanings not present in the original
Controversial emoji
Some emoji have been involved in controversy due to their perceived meanings. Multiple arrests and imprisonments have followed usage of pistol (U+1F52B 🔫 ), knife (U+1F5E1 🗡 ), and bomb (U+1F4A3 💣 ) emoji in ways that authorities deemed credible threats.[132]
In the lead-up to the 2016 Summer Olympics, the Unicode Consortium considered proposals to add several Olympic-related emoji, including medals and events such as handball and water polo.[133] By October 2015, these candidate emoji included "rifle" (U+1F946 🥆 ) and "modern pentathlon" (U+1F93B 🤻 ).[134][135] However, in 2016, Apple and Microsoft opposed these two emoji, and the characters were added without emoji presentations, meaning that software is expected to render them in black-and-white rather than color, and emoji-specific software such as onscreen keyboards will generally not include them. In addition, while the original incarnations of the modern pentathlon emoji depicted its five events, including a man pointing a gun, the final glyph contains a person riding a horse, along with a laser pistol target in the corner.[132][135][136]
On August 1, 2016,
The eggplant (aubergine) emoji (U+1F346 🍆 ) has also seen controversy due to it being used to represent a penis.[90][92][141][142] Beginning in December 2014, the hashtag #EggplantFridays began to rise to popularity on Instagram for use in marking photos featuring clothed or unclothed penises.[141][142] This became such a popular trend that, beginning in April 2015, Instagram disabled the ability to search for not only the #EggplantFridays tag, but also other eggplant-containing hashtags, including simply #eggplant and #🍆.[141][142][143]
The peach emoji (U+1F351 🍑 ) has likewise been used as a euphemistic icon for buttocks, with a 2016 Emojipedia analysis revealing that only seven percent of English language tweets with the peach emoji refer to the actual fruit.[144][145][146] In 2016, Apple attempted to redesign the emoji to less resemble buttocks. This was met with fierce backlash in beta testing, and Apple reversed its decision by the time it went live to the public.[147]
In December 2017, a lawyer in Delhi, India, threatened to file a lawsuit against WhatsApp for allowing use of the middle finger emoji (U+1F595 🖕 ) on the basis that the company is "directly abetting the use of an offensive, lewd, obscene gesture" in violation of the Indian Penal Code.[148]
Emoji implementation
Early implementation in Japan
Various, often incompatible, character encoding schemes were developed by the different mobile providers in Japan for their own emoji sets.
Unicode support considerations
Most, but not all, emoji are included in the
The introduction of Unicode emoji created an incentive for vendors to improve their support for non-BMP characters.[83] The Unicode Consortium notes that "[b]ecause of the demand for emoji, many implementations have upgraded their Unicode support substantially", also helping support for minority languages that use those features.[82]
Color support
Any operating system that supports adding additional fonts to the system can add an emoji-supporting font. However, inclusion of colorful emoji in existing font formats requires dedicated support for color
Implementation by different platforms and vendors
Apple first introduced emoji to their desktop operating system with the release of
An update for Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 brought a subset of the monochrome Unicode set to those operating systems as part of the Segoe UI Symbol font.[159] As of Windows 8.1 Preview, the Segoe UI Emoji font is included, which supplies full-color pictographs. The plain Segoe UI font lacks emoji characters, whereas Segoe UI Symbol and Segoe UI Emoji include them. Emoji characters are accessed through the onscreen keyboard's 😀 key, or through the physical keyboard shortcut ⊞ Win+..
In 2016, Firefox 50 added in-browser emoji rendering for platforms lacking in native support.[160]
Modifiers
Emoji versus text presentation
Unicode defines variation sequences for many of its emoji to indicate their desired presentation.
Emoji characters can have two main kinds of presentation:
- an emoji presentation, with colorful and perhaps whimsical shapes, even animated
- a text presentation, such as black & white
— Unicode Technical Report #51: Unicode Emoji[65]
Specifying the desired presentation is done by following the base emoji with either U+FE0E VARIATION SELECTOR-15 (VS15) for text or U+FE0F VARIATION SELECTOR-16 (VS16) for emoji-style.
Skin color
Five symbol modifier characters were added with Unicode 8.0 to provide a range of skin tones for human emoji. These modifiers are called EMOJI MODIFIER FITZPATRICK TYPE-1-2, -3, -4, -5, and -6 (U+1F3FB–U+1F3FF): 🏻 🏼 🏽 🏾 🏿. They are based on the Fitzpatrick scale for classifying human skin color. Human emoji that are not followed by one of these five modifiers should be displayed in a generic, non-realistic skin tone, such as bright yellow (■), blue (■), or gray (■).[65] Non-human emoji (like U+26FD ⛽ FUEL PUMP) are unaffected by the Fitzpatrick modifiers.[166] As of Unicode version 15.1, Fitzpatrick modifiers can be used with 131 human emoji spread across seven blocks: Dingbats, Emoticons, Miscellaneous Symbols, Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs, Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs, Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A, and Transport and Map Symbols.[167]
The following table shows both the Unicode characters and the open-source "Twemoji" images, designed by Twitter:
Joining
Implementations may use a zero-width joiner (ZWJ) between multiple emoji to make them behave like a single, unique emoji character.[65] For example, the sequence U+1F468 👨 MAN, U+200D ZWJ, U+1F469 👩 WOMAN, U+200D ZWJ, U+1F467 👧 GIRL (👨👩👧) could be displayed as a single emoji depicting a family with a man, a woman, and a girl if the implementation supports it. Systems that do not support it would ignore the ZWJs, displaying only the three base emoji in order (👨👩👧).
Unicode previously maintained a catalog of emoji ZWJ sequences that were supported on at least one commonly available platform. The consortium has since switched to documenting sequences that are recommended for general interchange (RGI). These are clusters that emoji fonts are expected to include as part of the standard.[168]
The ZWJ has also been used to implement platform specific emoji. For example, in 2016 Microsoft released a series of Ninja Cat emoji for their
In Unicode
Unicode 15.1 specifies a total of 3,782 emoji using 1,424 characters spread across 24 blocks, of which 26 are Regional indicator symbols that combine in pairs to form flag emoji, and 12 (#, * and 0–9) are base characters for keycap emoji sequences.[171][167][65]
637 of the 768 code points in the Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs block are considered emoji. 242 of the 256 code points in the Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs block are considered emoji. All of the 107 code points in the Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A block are considered emoji. All of the 80 code points in the Emoticons block are considered emoji. 105 of the 118 code points in the Transport and Map Symbols block are considered emoji. 83 of the 256 code points in the Miscellaneous Symbols block are considered emoji. 33 of the 192 code points in the Dingbats block are considered emoji.
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
U+00Ax | ©️
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®️
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U+203x | ‼️ | |||||||||||||||
U+204x | ⁉️
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U+212x | ™️
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U+213x | ℹ️
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U+219x | ↔️
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↕️ | ↖️
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↗️
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↘️
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↙️
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U+21Ax | ↩️
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↪️
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U+231x | ⌚️
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⌛️
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U+232x | ⌨️
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U+23Cx | ⏏️
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U+23Ex | ⏩️
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⏪️
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⏫️
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⏬️
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⏭️
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⏮️
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⏯️
| |||||||||
U+23Fx | ⏰️
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⏱️
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⏲️
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⏳️
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⏸️
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⏹️
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⏺️
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U+24Cx | Ⓜ️
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U+25Ax | ▪️
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▫️
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U+25Bx | ▶️
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U+25Cx | ◀️
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U+25Fx | ◻️
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◼️
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◽️
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◾️
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U+260x | ☀️
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☁️
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☂️
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☃️
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☄️
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☎️
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U+261x | ☑️
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☔️
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☕️
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☘️
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☝️
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U+262x | ☠️
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☢️
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☣️
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☦️
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☪️
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☮️
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☯️
| |||||||||
U+263x | ☸️
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☹️
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☺️
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U+264x | ♀️
|
♂️
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♈️
|
♉️
|
♊️
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♋️
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♌️
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♍️
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♎️
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♏️
| ||||||
U+265x | ♐️
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♑️
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♒️
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♓️
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♟️
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U+266x | ♠️
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♣️
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♥️
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♦️
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♨️
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U+267x | ♻️
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♾️
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♿️
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U+269x | ⚒️
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⚓️
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⚔️
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⚕️
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⚖️
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⚗️
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⚙️
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⚛️
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⚜️
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|||||||
U+26Ax | ⚠️
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⚡️
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⚧️
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⚪️ | ⚫️
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U+26Bx | ⚰️
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⚱️
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⚽️
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⚾️
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U+26Cx | ⛄️
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⛅️
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⛈️
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⛎️
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⛏️
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U+26Dx | ⛑️
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⛓️
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⛔️
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0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
U+26Ex | ⛩️
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⛪️
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U+26Fx | ⛰️
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⛱️
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⛲️
|
⛳️
|
⛴️
|
⛵️
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⛷️
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⛸️
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⛹️
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⛺️
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⛽️
|
|||||
U+270x | ✂️
|
✅️
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✈️
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✉️
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✊️
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✋️
|
✌️
|
✍️
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✏️
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U+271x | ✒️
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✔️
|
✖️ | ✝️
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U+272x | ✡️
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✨️
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U+273x | ✳️
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✴️
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U+274x | ❄️
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❇️
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❌️
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❎️
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U+275x | ❓️
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❔️
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❕️
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❗️
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U+276x | ❣️
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❤️
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U+279x | ➕️
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➖️
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➗️
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U+27Ax | ➡️
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U+27Bx | ➰️ | ➿️ | ||||||||||||||
U+293x | ⤴️
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⤵️
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U+2B0x | ⬅️
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⬆️
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⬇️ | |||||||||||||
U+2B1x | ⬛️
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⬜️
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U+2B5x | ⭐️
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⭕️ | ||||||||||||||
U+303x | 〰️
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〽️
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U+329x | ㊗️ | ㊙️ | ||||||||||||||
U+1F00x | 🀄
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U+1F0Cx | 🃏
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U+1F17x | 🅰️
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🅱️
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🅾️
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🅿️
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U+1F18x | 🆎
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U+1F19x | 🆑 | 🆒
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🆓
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🆔
|
🆕 | 🆖 | 🆗
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🆘
|
🆙 | 🆚 | ||||||
U+1F20x | 🈁 | 🈂️
|
||||||||||||||
U+1F21x | 🈚
|
|||||||||||||||
U+1F22x | 🈯 | |||||||||||||||
U+1F23x | 🈲 | 🈳 | 🈴 | 🈵 | 🈶 | 🈷️ | 🈸 | 🈹 | 🈺 | |||||||
U+1F25x | 🉐 | 🉑 | ||||||||||||||
U+1F30x | 🌀
|
🌁
|
🌂
|
🌃
|
🌄
|
🌅
|
🌆
|
🌇
|
🌈
|
🌉
|
🌊
|
🌋
|
🌌
|
🌍
|
🌎
|
🌏
|
U+1F31x | 🌐
|
🌑
|
🌒
|
🌓
|
🌔
|
🌕
|
🌖
|
🌗
|
🌘
|
🌙
|
🌚
|
🌛
|
🌜
|
🌝
|
🌞
|
🌟
|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
U+1F32x | 🌠
|
🌡️
|
🌤️
|
🌥️
|
🌦️
|
🌧️
|
🌨️
|
🌩️
|
🌪️
|
🌫️
|
🌬️
|
🌭
|
🌮
|
🌯
| ||
U+1F33x | 🌰
|
🌱
|
🌲
|
🌳
|
🌴
|
🌵
|
🌶️
|
🌷
|
🌸
|
🌹
|
🌺
|
🌻
|
🌼
|
🌽
|
🌾
|
🌿
|
U+1F34x | 🍀
|
🍁
|
🍂
|
🍃
|
🍄
|
🍅
|
🍆
|
🍇
|
🍈
|
🍉
|
🍊
|
🍋
|
🍌
|
🍍
|
🍎
|
🍏
|
U+1F35x | 🍐
|
🍑
|
🍒
|
🍓
|
🍔
|
🍕
|
🍖
|
🍗
|
🍘
|
🍙
|
🍚
|
🍛
|
🍜
|
🍝
|
🍞
|
🍟
|
U+1F36x | 🍠
|
🍡
|
🍢
|
🍣
|
🍤
|
🍥
|
🍦
|
🍧
|
🍨
|
🍩
|
🍪
|
🍫
|
🍬
|
🍭
|
🍮
|
🍯
|
U+1F37x | 🍰
|
🍱
|
🍲
|
🍳
|
🍴
|
🍵
|
🍶
|
🍷
|
🍸
|
🍹
|
🍺
|
🍻
|
🍼
|
🍽️
|
🍾
|
🍿
|
U+1F38x | 🎀
|
🎁
|
🎂
|
🎃
|
🎄
|
🎅
|
🎆
|
🎇
|
🎈
|
🎉
|
🎊
|
🎋
|
🎌
|
🎍
|
🎎
|
🎏
|
U+1F39x | 🎐
|
🎑
|
🎒
|
🎓
|
🎖️
|
🎗️
|
🎙️
|
🎚️
|
🎛️
|
🎞️
|
🎟️
| |||||
U+1F3Ax | 🎠
|
🎡
|
🎢
|
🎣
|
🎤
|
🎥
|
🎦
|
🎧
|
🎨
|
🎩
|
🎪
|
🎫
|
🎬
|
🎭
|
🎮
|
🎯
|
U+1F3Bx | 🎰
|
🎱
|
🎲
|
🎳
|
🎴
|
🎵
|
🎶
|
🎷
|
🎸
|
🎹
|
🎺
|
🎻
|
🎼
|
🎽
|
🎾
|
🎿
|
U+1F3Cx | 🏀
|
🏁
|
🏂
|
🏃
|
🏄
|
🏅
|
🏆
|
🏇
|
🏈
|
🏉
|
🏊
|
🏋️ | 🏌️
|
🏍️
|
🏎️
|
🏏
|
U+1F3Dx | 🏐
|
🏑
|
🏒
|
🏓
|
🏔️
|
🏕️
|
🏖️
|
🏗️
|
🏘️
|
🏙️
|
🏚️
|
🏛️
|
🏜️
|
🏝️
|
🏞️
|
🏟️
|
U+1F3Ex | 🏠
|
🏡
|
🏢
|
🏣
|
🏤
|
🏥
|
🏦
|
🏧
|
🏨
|
🏩
|
🏪
|
🏫
|
🏬
|
🏭
|
🏮
|
🏯
|
U+1F3Fx | 🏰
|
🏳️
|
🏴
|
🏵️
|
🏷️
|
🏸
|
🏹
|
🏺
|
🏻
|
🏼
|
🏽
|
🏾
|
🏿
| |||
U+1F40x | 🐀
|
🐁
|
🐂
|
🐃
|
🐄
|
🐅
|
🐆
|
🐇
|
🐈
|
🐉
|
🐊
|
🐋
|
🐌
|
🐍
|
🐎
|
🐏
|
U+1F41x | 🐐
|
🐑
|
🐒
|
🐓
|
🐔
|
🐕
|
🐖
|
🐗
|
🐘
|
🐙
|
🐚
|
🐛 | 🐜
|
🐝
|
🐞
|
🐟
|
U+1F42x | 🐠
|
🐡
|
🐢
|
🐣
|
🐤
|
🐥
|
🐦
|
🐧
|
🐨
|
🐩
|
🐪
|
🐫
|
🐬
|
🐭
|
🐮
|
🐯
|
U+1F43x | 🐰
|
🐱
|
🐲
|
🐳
|
🐴
|
🐵
|
🐶
|
🐷
|
🐸
|
🐹
|
🐺
|
🐻
|
🐼
|
🐽
|
🐾
|
🐿️
|
U+1F44x | 👀
|
👁️
|
👂
|
👃
|
👄
|
👅
|
👆
|
👇
|
👈
|
👉
|
👊
|
👋
|
👌
|
👍
|
👎
|
👏
|
U+1F45x | 👐
|
👑
|
👒
|
👓
|
👔
|
👕
|
👖
|
👗
|
👘
|
👙
|
👚
|
👛
|
👜
|
👝 | 👞
|
👟
|
U+1F46x | 👠
|
👡
|
👢
|
👣
|
👤
|
👥
|
👦
|
👧
|
👨
|
👩
|
👪
|
👫
|
👬
|
👭
|
👮
|
👯
|
U+1F47x | 👰
|
👱
|
👲
|
👳
|
👴
|
👵
|
👶
|
👷
|
👸
|
👹
|
👺
|
👻
|
👼
|
👽
|
👾
|
👿
|
U+1F48x | 💀
|
💁
|
💂
|
💃
|
💄
|
💅
|
💆
|
💇
|
💈
|
💉
|
💊
|
💋
|
💌
|
💍
|
💎
|
💏
|
U+1F49x | 💐
|
💑
|
💒
|
💓
|
💔
|
💕
|
💖
|
💗
|
💘
|
💙
|
💚
|
💛
|
💜
|
💝
|
💞
|
💟
|
U+1F4Ax | 💠
|
💡
|
💢
|
💣
|
💤
|
💥
|
💦
|
💧
|
💨
|
💩
|
💪
|
💫
|
💬
|
💭
|
💮
|
💯 |
U+1F4Bx | 💰
|
💱
|
💲
|
💳
|
💴
|
💵
|
💶
|
💷
|
💸
|
💹
|
💺
|
💻
|
💼
|
💽
|
💾
|
💿
|
U+1F4Cx | 📀
|
📁
|
📂
|
📃
|
📄
|
📅
|
📆
|
📇
|
📈
|
📉
|
📊
|
📋
|
📌
|
📍
|
📎
|
📏
|
U+1F4Dx | 📐
|
📑
|
📒
|
📓
|
📔
|
📕
|
📖
|
📗 | 📘 | 📙 | 📚
|
📛
|
📜
|
📝
|
📞
|
📟
|
U+1F4Ex | 📠
|
📡
|
📢
|
📣
|
📤
|
📥
|
📦
|
📧
|
📨
|
📩
|
📪
|
📫
|
📬
|
📭
|
📮
|
📯
|
U+1F4Fx | 📰
|
📱
|
📲
|
📳
|
📴
|
📵
|
📶
|
📷
|
📸
|
📹
|
📺
|
📻
|
📼
|
📽️
|
📿
| |
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
U+1F50x | 🔀
|
🔁
|
🔂
|
🔃
|
🔄
|
🔅
|
🔆
|
🔇 | 🔈
|
🔉
|
🔊
|
🔋
|
🔌
|
🔍
|
🔎
|
🔏
|
U+1F51x | 🔐
|
🔑
|
🔒
|
🔓
|
🔔 | 🔕
|
🔖
|
🔗
|
🔘
|
🔙
|
🔚
|
🔛
|
🔜
|
🔝
|
🔞 | 🔟
|
U+1F52x | 🔠
|
🔡
|
🔢
|
🔣
|
🔤
|
🔥
|
🔦
|
🔧
|
🔨
|
🔩
|
🔪
|
🔫
|
🔬
|
🔭
|
🔮
|
🔯
|
U+1F53x | 🔰
|
🔱
|
🔲
|
🔳
|
🔴 | 🔵 | 🔶
|
🔷
|
🔸
|
🔹
|
🔺
|
🔻
|
🔼
|
🔽
|
||
U+1F54x | 🕉️
|
🕊️
|
🕋
|
🕌
|
🕍
|
🕎
|
||||||||||
U+1F55x | 🕐
|
🕑
|
🕒
|
🕓
|
🕔
|
🕕
|
🕖
|
🕗
|
🕘
|
🕙
|
🕚
|
🕛
|
🕜
|
🕝
|
🕞
|
🕟
|
U+1F56x | 🕠
|
🕡
|
🕢
|
🕣
|
🕤
|
🕥
|
🕦
|
🕧
|
🕯️
| |||||||
U+1F57x | 🕰️
|
🕳️ | 🕴️
|
🕵️
|
🕶️
|
🕷️
|
🕸️
|
🕹️
|
🕺
|
|||||||
U+1F58x | 🖇️
|
🖊️
|
🖋️
|
🖌️
|
🖍️
|
|||||||||||
U+1F59x | 🖐️
|
🖕
|
🖖
|
|||||||||||||
U+1F5Ax | 🖤
|
🖥️
|
🖨️
|
|||||||||||||
U+1F5Bx | 🖱️
|
🖲️
|
🖼️
|
|||||||||||||
U+1F5Cx | 🗂️
|
🗃️
|
🗄️
|
|||||||||||||
U+1F5Dx | 🗑️
|
🗒️
|
🗓️
|
🗜️
|
🗝️
|
🗞️
|
||||||||||
U+1F5Ex | 🗡️
|
🗣️
|
🗨️
|
🗯️
| ||||||||||||
U+1F5Fx | 🗳️
|
🗺️
|
🗻
|
🗼
|
🗽
|
🗾
|
🗿
| |||||||||
U+1F60x | 😀
|
😁
|
😂
|
😃
|
😄
|
😅
|
😆
|
😇
|
😈
|
😉
|
😊
|
😋
|
😌
|
😍
|
😎
|
😏
|
U+1F61x | 😐
|
😑
|
😒
|
😓
|
😔
|
😕 | 😖
|
😗
|
😘
|
😙
|
😚
|
😛
|
😜
|
😝
|
😞
|
😟
|
U+1F62x | 😠
|
😡
|
😢
|
😣
|
😤
|
😥
|
😦
|
😧
|
😨
|
😩
|
😪
|
😫
|
😬 | 😭
|
😮
|
😯
|
U+1F63x | 😰
|
😱
|
😲
|
😳
|
😴
|
😵
|
😶
|
😷
|
😸
|
😹
|
😺
|
😻
|
😼
|
😽
|
😾
|
😿
|
U+1F64x | 🙀
|
🙁
|
🙂
|
🙃
|
🙄
|
🙅
|
🙆
|
🙇
|
🙈
|
🙉
|
🙊
|
🙋
|
🙌
|
🙍
|
🙎
|
🙏
|
U+1F68x | 🚀
|
🚁
|
🚂
|
🚃
|
🚄
|
🚅
|
🚆
|
🚇
|
🚈
|
🚉
|
🚊
|
🚋
|
🚌
|
🚍
|
🚎
|
🚏
|
U+1F69x | 🚐
|
🚑
|
🚒
|
🚓
|
🚔
|
🚕
|
🚖
|
🚗
|
🚘
|
🚙
|
🚚
|
🚛
|
🚜
|
🚝
|
🚞
|
🚟
|
U+1F6Ax | 🚠
|
🚡
|
🚢
|
🚣
|
🚤
|
🚥
|
🚦
|
🚧
|
🚨
|
🚩
|
🚪
|
🚫
|
🚬
|
🚭
|
🚮
|
🚯
|
U+1F6Bx | 🚰
|
🚱
|
🚲
|
🚳
|
🚴
|
🚵
|
🚶
|
🚷
|
🚸
|
🚹
|
🚺
|
🚻
|
🚼
|
🚽
|
🚾
|
🚿
|
U+1F6Cx | 🛀
|
🛁
|
🛂
|
🛃
|
🛄
|
🛅
|
🛋️
|
🛌
|
🛍️
|
🛎️
|
🛏️
| |||||
U+1F6Dx | 🛐
|
🛑
|
🛒
|
🛕
|
🛖
|
🛗
|
🛜
|
🛝
|
🛞
|
🛟
| ||||||
U+1F6Ex | 🛠️
|
🛡️
|
🛢️
|
🛣️
|
🛤️
|
🛥️
|
🛩️
|
🛫
|
🛬
|
|||||||
U+1F6Fx | 🛰️
|
🛳️
|
🛴
|
🛵
|
🛶
|
🛷
|
🛸
|
🛹
|
🛺
|
🛻
|
🛼
|
|||||
U+1F7Ex | 🟠 | 🟡 | 🟢 | 🟣 | 🟤 | 🟥
|
🟦
|
🟧
|
🟨
|
🟩
|
🟪
|
🟫
|
||||
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
U+1F7Fx | 🟰
|
|||||||||||||||
U+1F90x | 🤌
|
🤍
|
🤎
|
🤏
| ||||||||||||
U+1F91x | 🤐
|
🤑
|
🤒
|
🤓
|
🤔
|
🤕
|
🤖
|
🤗
|
🤘
|
🤙
|
🤚
|
🤛
|
🤜
|
🤝
|
🤞
|
🤟
|
U+1F92x | 🤠
|
🤡
|
🤢
|
🤣
|
🤤
|
🤥
|
🤦
|
🤧
|
🤨
|
🤩
|
🤪
|
🤫
|
🤬
|
🤭
|
🤮
|
🤯
|
U+1F93x | 🤰
|
🤱
|
🤲
|
🤳
|
🤴
|
🤵
|
🤶
|
🤷
|
🤸
|
🤹
|
🤺
|
🤼
|
🤽
|
🤾
|
🤿
| |
U+1F94x | 🥀
|
🥁
|
🥂
|
🥃
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🥅
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🥉
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🥊
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🥋
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🥌
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🥍
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🥎
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🥏
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U+1F95x | 🥐
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🥑
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🥒
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🥓
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🥔
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🥕
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🥖
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🥗
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🥘
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🥙
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🥚
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🥛
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🥜
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🥝
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U+1F96x | 🥠
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🥡
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🥢
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🥣
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🥤
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🥥
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🥨
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🥫
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🥬
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🥭
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🥮
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🥯
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U+1F97x | 🥰
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🥱
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🥲
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🥳
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🥴
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🥵
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🥶
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🥷
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🥸
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🥹
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🥺 | 🥻
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🥼
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🥽
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🥾
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🥿
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U+1F98x | 🦀
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🦁
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🦂
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🦃
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🦄
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🦅
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🦆
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🦇
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🦉
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🦊
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🦋
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🦌
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🦍
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🦎
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🦏
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U+1F99x | 🦐
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🦑
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🦒
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🦓
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🦔
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🦕
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🦖
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🦗
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🦙
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🦚
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🦛
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🦜
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🦝
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🦟
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U+1F9Ax | 🦠
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🦡
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🦢
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🦣
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🦤
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🦥
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🦦
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🦨
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🦬
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U+1F9Bx | 🦰
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🦱
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🦲
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🦳
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🦴
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🦵
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🦸
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🦻
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U+1F9Cx | 🧀
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🧁
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🧂
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🧃
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🧄
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🧅
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🧆
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🧇
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🧈
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🧉
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🧊
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🧋
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🧌
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🧍
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🧎
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🧏
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U+1F9Dx | 🧐
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🧑
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🧒
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🧓
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🧔
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🧕
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🧖
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🧗
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🧘
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🧙
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🧛
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🧜 | 🧝
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U+1F9Ex | 🧠
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🧡
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U+1F9Fx | 🧰
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U+1FA7x | 🩰
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🩱
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🩲
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🩳
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🩴
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🩵
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🩸
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🩹
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🩻
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U+1FA8x | 🪀
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🪁
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🪂
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🪃
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🪄
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🪅
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🪆
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🪇
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🪈
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U+1FA9x | 🪐
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🪑
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🪒
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🪓
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🪔
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🪕
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🪖
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🪗
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🪘
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🪙
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🪚
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🪛
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🪜
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🪝
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🪞
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U+1FAAx | 🪠
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🪡
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🪢
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🪣
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🪤
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🪥
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🪦
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U+1FABx | 🪰
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🪱
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U+1FACx | 🫀
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🫁
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🫂
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🫃
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🫄
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🫅
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🫎
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🫏
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U+1FADx | 🫐
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🫑
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🫒
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🫓
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🫔
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🫕
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🫖
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🫗
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🫘
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🫙
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🫛
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U+1FAEx | 🫠
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🫡
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🫢
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🫣
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🫤
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🫥
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🫦
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🫧
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🫨
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U+1FAFx | 🫰
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🫱
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0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
Notes
|
Additional emoji can be found in the following Unicode blocks:
In popular culture
- The 2009 film Moon featured a robot named GERTY who communicates using a neutral-toned synthesized voice together with a screen showing emoji representing the corresponding emotional content.[172]
- In 2014, the
- A musical called Emojiland premiered at Rockwell Table & Stage in Los Angeles in May 2016,[96][97] after selected songs were presented at the same venue in 2015.[175][176]
- In October 2016, the Museum of Modern Art acquired the original collection of emoji distributed by NTT DoCoMo in 1999.[177]
- In November 2016, the first emoji-themed convention, Emojicon, was held in San Francisco.[178]
- In March 2017, the first episode of the fifth season of Samurai Jack featured alien characters who communicate in emoji.[179]
- In April 2017, the Doctor Who episode "Smile" featured nanobots called Vardy, which communicate through robotic avatars that use emoji (without any accompanying speech output) and are sometimes referred to by the time travelers as "Emojibots".[180]
- On July 28, 2017, T. J. Miller, and other notable actors and comedians.[181]It was universally panned, and is considered to be one of the worst animated films.
- On September 3, 2021, Drake released his sixth studio album, Certified Lover Boy with album cover art featuring twelve emoji of pregnant women in varying clothing colors, hair colors and skin tones.[182][183]
See also
- Blob emoji
- Emojipedia
- Emojli
- Hieroglyphics
- iConji
- Kaomoji
- Pictogram
Notes
References
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- ^ Hern, Alex (February 6, 2015). "Don't know the difference between emoji and emoticons? Let me explain". The Guardian. Archived from the original on June 8, 2023.
- ISBN 9781782434733. Retrieved October 25, 2017 – via Google Books.
Hard on the heels of the emoticon comes the Japanese-born emoji, also a DIGITAL icon used to express emotion, but more sophisticated in terms of imagery than those that are created by pressing a colon followed by a parenthesis. Emoji is made up of the Japanese for picture (e) and character (moji), so its resemblance to emotion and emoticon is a particularly happy coincidence.
- ^ "Correcting the Record on the First Emoji Set". Emojipedia. March 8, 2019. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
- ^ a b Blagdon, Jeff (March 4, 2013). "How emoji conquered the world". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
- ^ Sternbergh, Adam (November 16, 2014). "Smile, You're Speaking EMOJI: The fast evolution of a wordless tongue". New York.
- ^ "4.4 KitKat". Android.
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- ^ Fisher, Jonathan (April 22, 2015). "Here's how people in different countries use emoji". Business Insider Australia. Archived from the original on April 15, 2021. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
- ^ Oh, Yena (November 17, 2015). "Oxford Dictionaries 2015 Word of the Year is an Emoji". PBS Newshour. Retrieved August 23, 2017.
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- ^ Kurita, Shigetaka (January 3, 2019). "日本のモバイル端末における絵文字はポケベルが最初ですが、ケータイに関しては私が開発したドコモの絵文字が最初ではなく、J-PHONEのパイオニアDP-211SWが最初だったと思います。". Twitter.
- ^ "NTT DoCoMo Emoji List". nttdocomo.co.jp.
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- ^ "Historical capture of SmileyDictionary.com from 2001". Wayback Machine. Archived from the original on March 31, 2001.
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- ^ "Nishiki-teki Version 3.90r (2021-09-25)—6,463 characters in the Private Use Areas" (PDF).
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- .
- ^ Google.
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- ^ L2/12-368. (For display consistent with the other source encodings, the prefix digits denoting the specific WDings font have been removed, and the numbers have been converted to hexadecimal.)
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- au by KDDI.
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- S2CID 2493033.
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- ^ Hern, Alex (August 12, 2015). "How to (pretend to) be young and down with the internet". The Guardian. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
- ^ Jewell, Hannah (December 13, 2014). "The 31 Most Nail Care Emoji Moments of 2014". Buzzfeed. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
- ^ Abad-Santos, Alexander; Jones, Allie (March 26, 2014). "The Five Non-Negotiable Best Emojis in the Land". The Atlantic Wire. Archived from the original on August 20, 2016. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
- ^ "Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs". Unicode Consortium. Retrieved September 15, 2017.
- ^ a b c Kelly, Heather (August 2, 2017). "Apple replaces the pistol emoji with a water gun". CNN Tech. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
- ^ Ziv, Stan (October 20, 2015). "New Emoji Candidates to Be Voted On in Spring 2016". Newsweek. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
- ^ "Unicode 9.0 Emoji List". Emojipedia. October 31, 2015. Archived from the original on October 31, 2015. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
- ^ a b Warzel, Charlie (June 17, 2016). "Thanks To Apple's Influence, You're Not Getting A Rifle Emoji". BuzzFeed. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
- ^ "Apple stops Unicode from releasing a rifle emoji, gun advocates get mad". CBC News. June 22, 2016. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
- ^ a b Low, Cherlynn (August 4, 2016). "Microsoft just changed its toy gun emoji to a real pistol". Engadget. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
- ^ "All Major Vendors Commit to Gun Redesign". Emojipedia. April 27, 2018. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
- ^ Baraniuk, Chris (August 5, 2016). "Apple urged to rethink gun emoji change". BBC News Online. Retrieved July 22, 2020.
- ^ Price, Rob (August 2, 2016). "There's a huge problem with Apple's plan to combat gun violence by changing an emoji". Insider. Archived from the original on December 17, 2023. Retrieved July 22, 2020.
- ^ a b c Hess, Amanda (April 3, 2015). "Eggplant rising: How the purple fruit surpassed the banana as the most phallic food". Slate. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
- ^ a b c Hofmann, Regan (June 3, 2015). "The Complete (and Sometimes Sordid) History of the Eggplant Emoji". First We Feast. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
- ^ Goldman, David (April 29, 2015). "Instagram blocks 'offensive' eggplant emoji hashtag". CNN Tech. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
- ^ Azhar, Hamdan (December 16, 2016). "How We Really Use The Peach". Emojipedia. Retrieved July 7, 2018.
- ^ Kircher, Madison (December 16, 2016). "Very Official Study Finds Peach Emoji Most Often Paired With Eggplant". Emojipedia. Retrieved July 7, 2018.
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Facebook provides animated "emoji" reactions to posts. Reactions do not correspond to specific emojis in the Unicode standard (…). In March 2020, Facebook added a Care emoji reaction as an additional option in response to COVID-19. This is displayed similarly to a hugging face holding a red love heart. This Care emoji is not available as a standardized Unicode emoji, and can only be used in reactions to Facebook posts.
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- UTCL2/23-252.
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Further reading
- Pardes, Arielle (February 1, 2018). "The WIRED Guide to Emoji". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028.
External links
- Unicode Technical Report #51: Unicode emoji
- The Unicode FAQ – Emoji & Dingbats
- Emoji Symbols – the original proposals for encoding of emoji symbols as Unicode characters
- Background data for Unicode proposal
- Emojipedia – an online encyclopedia of emoji and their branded variations
- emojitracker – list of most popularly used emoji on the Twitter platform; updated in real-time