Emoxypine
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| Trade names | Mexidol |
| Other names | Emoxipine, Emoxypin, Epigid, 6-Methyl-2-ethyl-3-hydroxypyridine |
| Routes of administration | Oral & IV |
| ATC code |
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| Legal status | |
| Legal status |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Elimination half-life | 2-2.6 h |
| Identifiers | |
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JSmol) | |
| Melting point | 170 to 172 °C (338 to 342 °F) [1] |
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Emoxypine (2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine), also known as Mexidol or Mexifin, a
The compound never underwent double-blind placebo-controlled clinical studies.
The compound is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and is not in the World Health Organization list of the medications.
The compound is not listed in the Cochrane database.
Its chemical structure resembles that of pyridoxine (a type of vitamin B6).
History
Emoxypine was first synthesized by L.D. Smirnov and K.M. Dumayev, then studied and developed in the Russian Institute of Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and Russian Scientific Center of Bioactive Substances Safety.[4]
Use
Emoxypine is widely used in Russia, primarily for its anti-oxidant properties claimed by the manufacturer. It purportedly exercises
Mechanism of action
Emoxypine's mechanism of action is believed to be its antioxidant and membrane-protective effects with the following key components:[4][8][medical citation needed]
- Emoxypine inhibits oxidation of biomembrane lipids.
- Increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes, specifically that of superoxide dismutase, responsible for the formation and consumption of lipid peroxides and active oxygen forms.
- Inhibits free radicals during the synthesis of prostaglandin catalyzed cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase, increases the correlation prostacyclin/ thromboxane A2 and blocks the leukotriene formation.
- Increases the content of polar fraction of lipids (phosphatidyl inositol) and reduces the cholesterol/phospholipidsratio which proves its lipid-regulatory properties; shifts structure transition into the low temperature zones, that is provokes the reduction of membrane viscosity and the increase of its fluidity, increases lipid-protein ratio.
- Modulates the activity of membrane-bound enzymes: adenylate cyclase, aldoreductase, acetylcholinesterase.
- Modulates the receptor complexes of the brain membranes, i.e. benzodiazepine, GABA, acetylcholinereceptors by increasing their binding ability.
- Stabilizes erythrocytesand thrombocytes during their haemolysis or mechanical injury accompanied by the formation of free radicals.
- Changes the monoamine level and increases the dopamine content in the brain.[4][9]
Clinical study
One non-blinded non-randomized study determined the effectiveness of emoxypine in 205 patients with clinical manifestations of
References
- doi:10.1139/v53-079.
- ^ "mexidol.ru, Pharmasoft Website". Archived from the original on 2011-04-10. Retrieved 2011-04-27.
- PMID 25016753.
- ^ a b c d e Voronina TA. "ANTIOXIDANT MEXIDOL. The main neuropsychotropic effects and the mechanism of action". Institute of Pharmacology. Moscow, Russia: Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. Archived from the original on 2013-11-05.
- S2CID 6052275.
- S2CID 39971165.
- PMID 35992374.
- ^ Dumayev KM, Voronina TA, Smirnov LD (1995). Antioxidants in the prophylaxis and therapy of CNS pathologies (Report). Moscow.[page needed]
- PMID 11544797.
- PMID 17117675.
External links
Media related to Emoxypine at Wikimedia Commons
