Emperor Ōjin
Emperor Ōjin 応神天皇 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Emperor of Japan | |||||
Reign | 270–310 (traditional)[1] | ||||
Predecessor | Jingū (de facto)[a] Chūai (traditional) | ||||
Successor | Nintoku | ||||
Born | 201[2] Umi (Fukuoka) | ||||
Died | 310 (aged 108–109) Karushima no Toyoakira (Nara) | ||||
Burial | Eega no Mofushi no oka no misasagi (惠我藻伏崗陵) (Osaka) | ||||
Spouse | Nakatsuhime-no-Mikoto | ||||
Issue among others...] | Emperor Nintoku | ||||
| |||||
House | Imperial House of Japan | ||||
Father | Emperor Chūai | ||||
Mother | Empress Jingū | ||||
Religion | Shinto |
Emperor Ōjin (応神天皇, Ōjin-tennō), also known as Hondawake no Mikoto (誉田別尊) (alternatively spelled 譽田別命, 誉田別命, 品陀和気命, 譽田分命, 誉田別尊, 品陀別命) or Homuta no Sumeramikoto (譽田天皇), was the 15th (possibly legendary)
No firm dates can be assigned to Ōjin's life or reign, but he is traditionally considered to have reigned from 270 to 310.
Legendary narrative
The Japanese have traditionally accepted this sovereign's historical existence, and a mausoleum (misasagi) for Ōjin is currently maintained. The following information available is taken from the
Known information
While the historical existence of Emperor Ōjin is debated among historians, there is a general consensus that he was "probably real". There is also an agreement that Ojin's three year conception period is mythical and symbolic, rather than realistic. William George Aston has suggested that this can be interpreted as a period of less than nine months containing three "years" (some seasons), e.g. three harvests.[7] If Ōjin was an actual historical figure then historians have proposed that he ruled later than attested.[8][9][10] Dates of his actual reign have been proposed to be as early as 370 to 390 AD, to as late as the early 5th century AD.[8] At least one Japanese historian has cast doubt on this theory though, by revising a supporting statement given in 1972. In this new narrative Louis Perez states: "only kings and emperors after the reign of Ojin... ...are seen as historical figures".[11][12] In either case there is also no evidence to suggest that the title tennō was used during the time to which Ōjin's reign has been assigned. It is certainly possible that he was a chieftain or local clan leader, and that the polity he ruled would have only encompassed a small portion of modern-day Japan. The name Ōjin-tennō was more than likely assigned to him posthumously by later generations.[13]
While the actual site of Ōjin's
Family
Emperor Ōjin's family allegedly consisted of 28 children, which include 2 unnamed princesses from a previous marriage. He had one spouse who bore him a son that would become the next Emperor, as well as 10 consorts.
Spouse & concubines
Position | Name | Father | Issue |
---|---|---|---|
Kōgō | Nakatsu-hime (仲姫命) | Homudamawaka | • Princess Arata • Prince Netori • Prince Ōosazaki[e] (later Emperor Nintoku) |
Consort | Takakiiri-hime (高城入姫命) | Homudamawaka | • Prince Izanomawaka • Princess Komukuta • Prince Nukata no Ōnakatsuhiko • Princess Ohara • Prince Ōyamamori |
Consort | Oto-hime (弟姫命) | Homudamawaka | • Princess Ahe • Princess Awaji no Mihara • Princess Ki no Uno • Princess Mino no Iratsume • Princess Shigehara |
Consort | Miyanushiyaka-hime (宮主宅媛) | Wani no Hifure no Omi | • Princess Metori • Prince Uji no Wakiiratsuko • Princess Yata |
Consort | Onabe-hime (小甂媛) | Wani no Hifure no Omi | • Princess Uji no Wakiiratsu-hime |
Consort | Okinaga Mawakanakatsu-hime (息長真若中比売) | Kawamata Nakatsuhiko | • Prince Wakanuke no Futamata |
Consort | Ito-hime (糸媛) | Sakuraitabe no Muraji Shimatarine | • Prince Hayabusawake |
Consort | Himuka no Izumi no Naga-hime (日向泉長媛) | Unknown | • Princess Hatabi no Wakairatsume • Prince Ōhae • Prince Ohae |
Consort | Kaguro-hime (迦具漏比売) | Sumeiroōnakatsuhiko[f] | • Prince Kataji • Princess Kawarata no Iratsume • Princess Tama no Iratsume |
Consort | Katsuragi no Irome (葛城野伊呂売) | Takenouchi no Sukune | • Prince Izanomawaka[g] |
Consort | E-hime (兄媛) | Kibi-no-Takehiko | — |
Issue
Status | Name | Mother | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Princess | Arata (荒田皇女) | Nakatsu-hime | Very little is known about this person. |
Prince | Ōosazaki (大鷦鷯尊) | Nakatsu-hime | Would later become Emperor Emperor Nintoku. |
Prince | Netori (根鳥皇子) | Nakatsu-hime | Ancestor of Ōta no Kimi (大田君), married Princess Awaji no Mihara (see below). |
Prince | Izanomawaka (去来真稚皇子) | Takakiiri-hime | Ancestor of Fukakawawake (深河別). |
Prince | Nukata no Ōnakatsuhiko (額田大中彦皇子) | Takakiiri-hime | Very little is known about this person. |
Prince | Ōyamamori (大山守皇子) | Takakiiri-hime | Ōyamamori died in 310 AD.[h] |
Princess | Komukuta (澇来田皇女) | Takakiiri-hime | Very little is known about this person. |
Princess | Ōhara (大原皇女) | Takakiiri-hime | Very little is known about this person. |
Princess | Ahe (阿倍皇女) | Oto-hime | Very little is known about this person. |
Princess | Awaji no Mihara (淡路御原皇女) | Oto-hime | Married to Prince Netori |
Princess | Ki no Uno (紀之菟野皇女) | Oto-hime | Very little is known about this person. |
Princess | Mino no Iratsume (三野郎女) | Oto-hime | Very little is known about this person. |
Princess | Shigehara (滋原皇女) | Oto-hime | Very little is known about this person. |
Prince | Uji no Wakiiratsuko (菟道稚郎子皇子) | Miyanushiyaka-hime | Uji was a Crown Prince. |
Princess | Metori (雌鳥皇女) | Miyanushiyaka-hime | Metori died in 353 AD, and was married to Prince "Hayabusawake" (see below). |
Princess | Yata (矢田皇女) | Miyanushiyaka-hime | Yata was later married to Emperor Nintoku. |
Princess | Uji no Wakiiratsu-hime (菟道稚郎女皇女) | Onabe-hime | Uji was later married to Emperor Nintoku. |
Prince | Wakanuke no Futamata (稚野毛二派皇子) | Okinaga Mawakanakatsu-hime | Ancestor of Okinaga clan (息長君), and great-grandfather of Emperor Keitai. |
Prince | Hayabusawake (隼総別皇子) | Ito-hime | Hayabusawake was the husband of Princess Metori (雌鳥皇女). |
Prince | Ōhae (大葉枝皇子) | Himuka no Izumi no Naga-hime | Very little is known about this person. |
Prince | Ohae (小葉枝皇子) | Himuka no Izumi no Naga-hime | Very little is known about this person. |
Princess | Kusakanohatabino-hime (草香幡梭皇女) |
Himuka no Izumi no Naga-hime | Hatabi was later married to Emperor Richū |
Princess | Kawarata no Iratsume (川原田郎女) | Kaguro-hime | Very little is known about this person. |
Princess | Tama no Iratsume (玉郎女) | Kaguro-hime | Very little is known about this person. |
Prince | Kataji (迦多遅王) | Kaguro-hime | Very little is known about this person. |
Prince | Izanomawaka (伊奢能麻和迦王 – 去来真稚皇子) | Katsuragi no Irome | Very little is known about this person. |
Family tree
See also
- Emperor of Japan
- Hachiman
- List of Emperors of Japan
- Imperial cult
Notes
- ^ Jingū's reign as Empress is now confined to legends rather than fact. Modern historians have labeled her as an "Empress regent", who was the de facto ruler until Homutawake (Ōjin) became emperor.
- ^ Ōjin's Hachiman name is translated to "Guardian of warriors"
- ^ The 29th Emperor[4][15]
- Yamato dynasty
- ^ It is only known that "Ōosazaki" was the Fourth son of Emperor Ōjin. No mention is given about a numerical order of sons or daughters other than this historical footnote.
- ^ Additionally, there are 2 more unnamed princesses speculated to be Prince "Wakanuke no Futamata"s daughters.
- ^ This is unconfirmed
- ^ Ōyamamori is also known as being an ancestor of Hijikata no Kimi (土形君) and Haibara no Kimi (榛原君).
- ^ There are two ways this name is transcribed: "Ika-gashiko-me" is used by Tsutomu Ujiya, while "Ika-shiko-me" is used by William George Aston.[48]
References
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