Empress Masako
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Masako
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Empress consort of Japan | |
Tenure | 1 May 2019 – present |
Enthronement | 22 October 2019 |
Born | Masako Owada (小和田雅子) 9 December 1963 Toranomon Hospital, Toranomon, Minato, Tokyo, Japan |
Spouse | |
Issue | Aiko, Princess Toshi |
House | Imperial House of Japan (by marriage) |
Father | Hisashi Owada |
Mother | Yumiko Egashira |
Religion | Shinto |
Signature |
Masako (雅子, born Masako Owada (小和田雅子, Owada Masako); 9 December 1963) is Empress of Japan (皇后, kōgō) as the wife of Emperor Naruhito, who ascended to the Chrysanthemum Throne following his father's abdication in 2019.
Born in
The pressure to produce a male heir took a toll on Masako's health and she was officially diagnosed with adjustment disorder in 2004, which forced her to withdraw from public life periodically. As crown princess and empress, Masako has accompanied her husband on official visits to foreign countries and at ceremonies within the imperial court.
Early life and education
Masako Owada (小和田雅子, Owada Masako) was born on 9 December 1963 at Toranomon Hospital in
Masako went to live in Moscow with her parents when she was two years old, where she attended Detskiy Sad (kindergarten in Russian) No. 1127 daycare.[5] At the age of five, Masako's family moved to New York City, where she attended kindergarten at Public School 81 in Riverdale.[6][7]
In 1971, the Owadas returned to Japan, moving in with Masako's maternal grandparents in
In 1979, her second year of
Masako's father was posted to
Professional career
After graduation Masako moved back to Japan, where for six months (April to October 1986) she studied law at the University of Tokyo to prepare for the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs's entrance examination.[20][21] Out of 800 applicants only 28 passed;[21] Masako was one of them, along with two other women.[21][22]
"She was assigned, first, to the oddly named Second International Organizations Division which deals with Japan's relations with international agencies, such as the OECD, a club of 30 rich countries committed to free trade and development. Her assignments included dealing with the OECD's environmental affairs committee ... by all accounts she acquitted herself well—her command of spoken languages, so rare in Japan, was a huge advantage—and was popular with most of her workmates."[23] During her free time, Masako attended cooking classes to, according to interviews with her instructor, "be able to cook proper Japanese dishes when she was entertaining [foreigners]."[24]
Two years later, in 1988, Masako was chosen by the Ministry to be sponsored for two years' postgraduate study overseas with full pay, just as her father Hisashi had been years earlier.
Courtship and marriage
Masako first met Prince Naruhito at a tea for Infanta Elena of Spain, in November 1986,[30][31] during her studies at the University of Tokyo. The prince was immediately captivated by her[22][32] and arranged for them to meet several times over the next few weeks.[33] Because of this they were pursued relentlessly by the press throughout 1987.[4][34] However, Masako's name disappeared from the list of possible royal brides due to controversy about her maternal grandfather, Yutaka Egashira, who while working for the
Despite this controversy and Masako's travelling to
Masako married Crown Prince Naruhito in a traditional wedding ceremony on 9 June 1993.[37] By virtue of the marriage, Masako Owada assumed the formal style Her Imperial Highness The Crown Princess of Japan. As tradition dictates, upon her entry into the imperial family and like other members, she received the blossom of the endemic curly-leaved Japanese Ramanas rose (o-shirushi (お印)): Rosa rugosa (hamanasu, beach aubergine (ハマナス))[38][39] for an imperial personal emblem, which is mauve-lilac to crimson or white (rarely with cultivars to full or burst yellow),[40] while her insignia as Crown Princess bear the forms of the imperial household's antique gold-traced white chrysanthemum.[41] In addition, she was placed in the Japanese Imperial Order of Precedence (used for the most formal occasions) behind her mother-in-law, Empress Michiko, and her grandmother-in-law, Empress Dowager Nagako. The orchid flower Dendrobium cultivar Masako Kotaishi Hidenka was named in her honour to celebrate the wedding.[42]
Masako became the third commoner to marry into the imperial family, after her mother-in-law, Empress Emerita Michiko (Michiko Shōda) and her sister-in-law, Crown Princess Kiko (Kiko Kawashima).
Children
Masako's first pregnancy was announced in December 1999, but she miscarried.[16]
The Emperor and Empress have one daughter: Aiko, Princess Toshi (敬宮愛子内親王, Toshi-no-miya Aiko Naishinnō, born 1 December 2001 at Imperial Household Agency Hospital in Tokyo Imperial Palace).[43][44]
Succession crisis
Their daughter's birth, which occurred more than eight years after their marriage, sparked
A government-appointed panel of experts submitted a report on 25 October 2005, recommending that the Imperial Succession Law be amended to permit absolute primogeniture. On 20 January 2006, Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi used part of his annual keynote speech to address the controversy when he pledged to submit a bill to the National Diet letting women ascend to the throne in order that the imperial throne be continued in a stable manner. Koizumi did not announce a timing for the legislation to be introduced nor did he provide details about the content, but he did note that it would be in line with the conclusions of the 2005 Government Panel.
Plans to change the male-only law of Imperial succession were shelved after it was announced in February 2006 that Masako's brother-in-law and his wife,
Crown Princess of Japan
In 1994, the couple visited
On 30 April 2013, the Crown Prince and Crown Princess were present at the inauguration of King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, which was the Crown Princess's first official overseas appearance in eleven years.[50][51][52] In October 2014, she was present at a banquet held in honour of King Willem-Alexander and Queen Máxima at the Tokyo Imperial Palace, which was her first appearance in such a ceremony in eleven years.[53] She welcomed the couple during an official ceremony at the palace which was her first appearance in a welcoming ceremony after five years.[53] In July 2015, Princess Masako traveled to Tonga with the Crown Prince in order to attend the Coronation of King Tupou VI. Over 40 members of the Japanese media covered the event, during which the happy-looking Crown Princess was warmly welcomed.[54]
Empress of Japan
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Upon the abdication of Masako's father-in-law, Emperor
Naruhito and Masako's first trip abroad as emperor and empress took place in September 2022, to the United Kingdom to attend the state funeral of Queen Elizabeth II.[55][56]
Health
Masako has periodically been out of the public eye, largely between 2004 and 2014,[57] reportedly due to emotional disorders speculated to be caused by the pressure to produce a male heir and adjusting to life in the Imperial Family.[58][59] In July 2004, she was diagnosed as suffering from adjustment disorder and was reported to be seeking treatment.[60][61][62]
On 11 July 2008, Naruhito sought public understanding for his ailing wife. He was on an eight-day trip to Spain without her:[63] "I would like the public to understand that Masako is continuing to make her utmost efforts with the help of those around her. Please continue to watch over her kindly and over the long term." Pressures to produce a male heir, to conform with the ancient traditions and a 1947 Imperial Household Law are perceived to be behind her illness, as well as negative media coverage of her behavior, the stress of royal responsibility and public life, and turf battles among the Imperial Household Agency.[64][65]
In December 2012, at the time of her 49th birthday, Masako issued a statement thanking the Japanese people for their support and saying that she was still receiving treatment for her illness.[66] The Japanese Constitution does not allow the members of the Imperial Family to engage in political activities. Naruhito made controversial comments about discourtesies and pressures placed on his wife by the Imperial Household Agency and his wife's desire to pursue the life of a diplomat.[67]
In 2019, Masako accompanied her husband at official events and at his accession ceremonies. During the state visit of U.S. President Donald Trump and First Lady Melania Trump to Japan in April, Masako and Naruhito conversed with them without interpreters; the imperial couple are both fluent in English. Her doctors however have stated that she has not fully recovered but a strong sense of duty has helped her fulfill her responsibilities.[68]
Titles, styles and honours
Styles of Empress Masako | ||
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Reference style Her Majesty | | |
Spoken style | Your Majesty |
Titles and styles
- 9 December 1963 – 9 June 1993: Miss Masako Owada (小和田雅子 Owada Masako)
- 9 June 1993 – 30 April 2019:
- Her Imperial Highness The Crown Princess of Japan (皇太子妃殿下 Kōtaishi-hi Denka)
- Her Imperial Highness The Crown Princess Masako (皇太子徳仁親王妃雅子殿下 Kōtaishi Naruhito Shinnō-hi Masako Denka)
- 1 May 2019 – present: Her Majesty The Empress[69] (皇后陛下 Kōgō Heika)
Honours
National
This section of a poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous. )Find sources: "Empress Masako" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2021) |
- Japan:
- Grand Mistress and Grand Cordon (Paulownia) of the Order of the Precious Crown
- Dame of the Decoration of the Red Cross
- Recipient of the Red Cross Medal
Foreign
- Austria: Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria (1999)[70]
- Belgium: Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold (10 October 2016)[citation needed]
- Greece: Grand Cross of the Order of the Redeemer
- Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary (2000) [71]
- Jordan: Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Renaissance (1995)
- Luxembourg: Knight of the Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau (27 November 2017)
- Malaysia: Honorary Grand Commander of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (2012)[72]
- Netherlands:
- Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown (29 October 2014)[73][74]
- Recipient of the King Willem-Alexander Inauguration Medal
- Norway: Grand Cross of the Order of St. Olav (26 March 2001)
- Portugal: Grand Cross of the Order of Prince Henry (2 December 1992)[75]
- Spain: Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic (8 November 2008)[76]
- Tonga:
- Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Queen Sālote Tupou III (4 July 2015)[citation needed]
- Coronation Medal of H.M. King Tupou VI (4 July 2015)
Honorary positions
- Honorary President of the Japanese Red Cross Society (formerly vice president as the Crown Princess)[77]
Ancestry
Her father Hisashi is descended from the Owada clan, whose head Shinroku—Masako's 4th-great-grandfather[78]—was called to Murakami in 1787 to serve the Naito clan that the Tokugawa shōgun had installed as the city's rulers 67 years earlier.[78] After the fall of the shogunate, the Owadas participated in a salmon-fishing cooperative,[79] the proceeds of which provided schooling for many local children, including Hisashi and his father Takeo.[79]
Her mother Yumiko is descended from the Egashira
See also
- Emperor of Japan: Succession
- Japanese imperial succession debate
- Princess Masako: Prisoner of the Chrysanthemum Throne
References
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- ^ "Japan Crown Prince Fumihito formally declared 1st in line to throne". english.kyodonews.net. Kyodo News. Retrieved 22 January 2023.
- ^ a b Hills, p. 40.
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- ^ Hills, pp. 42–44.
- ^ Kostro, Zak (April 28, 2019). "Their former classmate would become Japan's next empress". The Riverdale Press.
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- ^ Hills, p. 46.
- ^ a b Hills, p. 48.
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- ^ Hills, p. 52.
- ^ a b c d Hills, p. 92.
- ^ Green, Michelle (25 January 1993). "Princess Bride: Oft Rejected, Japan's Crown Prince Gets a 'Yes' from a Harvard Grad". People. 39 (3). Retrieved 16 November 2011.
- ^ a b Hills, p. 95.
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- ^ Hills, p. 101.
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- ^ a b "Japan Crown Princess Masako attends first banquet in 11 years". BBC News. 30 October 2014. Retrieved 13 May 2015.
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- GMA News and Public Affairs. Associated Press. 11 July 2008. Archived from the originalon 22 May 2011. Retrieved 16 November 2011.
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- ^ "Japan's Crown Princess Masako discusses her illness on 49th birthday". Daily Telegraph. 10 Dec 2012.
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Sources
- Hills, Ben (2006). Princess Masako: Prisoner of the Chrysanthemum Throne. London; New York: Jeremy P. Tarcher/Penguin. OCLC 76074219.
External links
- Their Majesties the Emperor and Empress at the Imperial Household Agency website