Endoderm
Endoderm | |
---|---|
Details | |
Days | 16 |
Precursor | epiblast |
Identifiers | |
MeSH | D004707 |
FMA | 69071 |
Anatomical terminology |
Endoderm is the innermost of the three primary germ layers in the very early embryo. The other two layers are the ectoderm (outside layer) and mesoderm (middle layer).[1] Cells migrating inward along the archenteron form the inner layer of the gastrula, which develops into the endoderm.[2]
The endoderm consists at first of flattened cells, which subsequently become columnar. It forms the
In
Production
The following chart shows the tissues produced by the endoderm. The embryonic endoderm develops into the interior linings of two tubes in the body, the digestive and respiratory tube.[3]
Layer | Category | System | |
---|---|---|---|
General[4] | Gastrointestinal tract | the entire | |
General | Respiratory tract | the lungs
| |
General | Endocrine glands and organs |
the lining of the follicles of the thyroid gland and the epithelial component of the thymus (i.e. thymic epithelial cells).
| |
Auditory system | the auditory tube and tympanic cavity
| ||
Urinary system | the urinary bladder and part of the urethra
|
Liver and pancreas cells are believed to derive from a common precursor.[5]
In humans, the endoderm can differentiate into distinguishable organs after 5 weeks of
Additional images
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Section through the embryo.
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Section through ovum imbedded in the uterine decidua
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Signaling pathwayto inducing endoderm
See also
- Hypoblast of primitive endoderm
- Ectoderm
- Germ layer
- Histogenesis
- Mesoderm
- Organogenesis
- Endodermal sinus tumor
- Gastrulation
- Cell differentiation
- Triploblasty
- List of human cell types derived from the germ layers
References
This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 49 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)