Endogamy
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Endogamy is the cultural practice of mating within a specific
Endogamy is common in many cultures and ethnic groups. Several
Adherence
Endogamy can encourage sectarianism and serves as a form of self-segregation. For instance, a community resists integration or completely merging with the surrounding population. Minorities can use it to stay ethnically homogeneous over a long time as distinct communities within societies that have other practices and beliefs.
The isolationist practices of endogamy may lead to a group's extinction, as genetic diseases may develop that can affect an increasing percentage of the population. However, this disease effect would tend to be small unless there is a high degree of close inbreeding, or if the endogamous population becomes very small in size.
Social dynamics
The Urapmin, a small tribe in Papua New Guinea, practice strict endogamy. The Urapmin also have a system of kinship classes known as tanum miit. Since the classes are inherited cognatically, most Urapmin belong to all of the major classes, creating great fluidity and doing little to differentiate individuals.[1]
The small community on the
Genealogy
Endogamic marriage patterns may increase the frequency of various levels of cousin marriage in a population, and may cause high probability of children of first, second, third cousins, etcetera.
If a cousin marriage has accrued in a known ancestral tree of a person, in historical time, it is referred to as pedigree collapse. This may cause relations along multiple paths between a person's autosomal-DNA matches. It creates stronger DNA matches between the DNA matches than expected from the nearest path.[3]
Cousin marriage should not be confused with
A long term pattern of endogamy in a region may increase the risk of repeated cousin marriage during a long period of time, referred to as inbreeding. It may cause additional noise in the DNA autosomal data, giving the impressions that DNA matches with roots in that region are more closely related than they are.
Examples
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Examples of ethnic and religious groups that have typically practiced endogamy include:
- Alawites[4]
- The Amish of North America.[5]
- Various Arab tribes[6]
- Assyrians, indigenous Christian people of upper Mesopotamia.[7]
- Armenians have a history of endogamy due to being almost entirely surrounded by Islamic neighbours while being a strongly Christian nation.[8]
- Coptic Christians[9]
- Daylamites, an ethnic group living south of the Caspian Sea in ancient and medieval Persia.
- Druze[10]
- Gitanos typically practice endogamy within their raza, or patrigroup.[11]
- Greek Cypriots usually practice endogamy in order to maintain their status as the majority ethnic group on the island of Cyprus.
- Iranian Turkmens[citation needed]
- Lepcha, an ethnic group in India, Nepal, and Bhutan
- The St. Thomas Christian Community of India. The community claims to have arrived to India in the fourth century and have been noted for their historical practice of endogamy.[citation needed]
- Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints or other religious and/or cultural groups relating to Mormonism
- Syrian Christians of Kerala, India - but Marital conversion is allowed.
- Parsis.[14]
- Rajputs[15]
- The Vaqueiros de alzada of Spain.[16]
- Yazidis[17][18]
- Mandaeans
- Most South Asian Muslims
See also
- Anti-miscegenation laws
- Arranged marriage
- Assortative mating
- Consanguinity
- Ethnic nationalism
- Ethnoreligious group
- Genealogical DNA test
- Interfaith marriage
- Jāti
- Miscegenation
Cousin marriage:
Marriage systems:
References
- ISBN 0-520-23800-1.
- ^ "Worldwide search for asthma clue". BBC News. 9 December 2008. Archived from the original on 23 November 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2012.
- ^ "Endogamy Part 1: Exploring Shared DNA | Legacy Tree Genealogists". 13 October 2016.
- ^ "Syria's Ruling Alawite Sect". 14 June 2011.
- ^ Ruder, Katherine 'Kate' (23 July 2004). "Genomics in Amish Country". Genome News Network.
- S2CID 147674220.
- ]
- ISBN 9780822585763.
- ^ Patrick Alexander Younan (2014). "The Coptic Christians of Egypt: Dhimmitude and Discrimination". Law School Student Scholarship.
- ISBN 978-0-521-81792-9.
- ^ Gay y Blasco, Paloma. "Gitano Evangelism: the Emergence of a Politico-Religious Diaspora" (PDF). Index of working papers. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 September 2006. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
- ^ Kiddushin 68b
- ^ Epstein, Jerome M. (29 October 2020). "Endogamy is a mitzvah". Jewish Standard.
- PMID 11898125.
- ISBN 978-8173041846.
- ISBN 978-8-483-67229-7.
- ISBN 9780857720610.
- ^ Gidda, Mirren. "Everything You Need to Know About the Yazidis". Time. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
External links
- Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). 1911. .
- Bittles, A. H. (2009). "Commentary: The background and outcomes of the first-cousin marriage controversy in Great Britain". International Journal of Epidemiology. 38 (6): 1453–1458. PMID 19926668.