Holometabola

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Endopterygota
)

Holometabola
Temporal range: Pennsylvanian–Recent Molecular clock indicates a possible Mississippian origin[1]
scorpionfly
(order Mecoptera)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
(unranked): Eumetabola
(unranked): Holometabola
Burmeister, 1835
Orders

See text

Synonyms

Endopterygota Sharp, 1898

Holometabola (from

larval and adult stages differing considerably in their structure and behaviour. This is called holometabolism
, or complete metamorphism.

Evolution

The Holometabola constitute the most diverse insect superorder, with over 1 million living species divided between 11 orders, containing insects such as butterflies, flies, fleas, bees, ants, and beetles.[2]

The earliest holometabolan fossils date from the Carboniferous.[3]

The Holometabola are sometimes divided into three assemblages:

Hymenopteroida (Hymenoptera), and Panorpida
(Siphonaptera, Diptera, Trichoptera, Lepidoptera and Mecoptera).

Molecular analysis has clarified the group's phylogeny, as shown in the cladogram.[4]

Holometabola

Hymenoptera (sawflies, wasps, ants, bees)

Aparaglossata
Neuropteroidea
Neuropterida

Raphidioptera (snakeflies)

Megaloptera (alderflies and allies)

Neuroptera (Lacewings and allies)

Coleopterida

Coleoptera (beetles)

Strepsiptera (twisted-wing parasites)

Panorpida
Amphiesmenoptera

Trichoptera (caddisflies)

Lepidoptera (butterflies, moths)

Antliophora

Diptera (true flies)

Mecoptera (scorpionflies)

Siphonaptera (fleas)

(Endopterygota)

Description

Holometabolism stages in Hymenoptera

The Endopterygota are distinguished from the

basal
among insects.

See also

References