Energy in Rwanda
Energy use in Rwanda is undergoing rapid change at the beginning of the 21st century.
Electricity
Network
The extent of grid electricity is limited and mainly concentrated near Kigali. Most of the country uses firewood as its main energy source. Rwanda is planning to expand from 276 MW of grid power in 2022 to 556 MW in 2024 and may import some additional electricity from neighboring countries. In addition, it is installing small solar units throughout the country to ensure that households located in off-grid areas have access to electricity, or to help deal with power outages. Currently, the government plans to bring electricity access to 100% of the population by 2024, as opposed to 74.5% in 2022.[1]
In July 2023 it was announced that Saudi Arabia would provide a soft loan of $20 million to fund an electricity project in Rwanda set to benefit 60,000 people. [2]
Generation
With its limited electrical infrastructure, Rwanda has a very high degree of renewable energy usage. Most of the country's electricity comes from hydropower.[3] Electrical production accounted for 4% of energy use in the country in 2014,
Hydroelectricity
53% of electricity is generated by hydropower. At the end of 2018, Rwanda's grid-connected power plants supplied 221.1MW.[4]
Gas fired generation
KivuWatt project is an energy project to extract natural gas dissolved in Lake Kivu and use the extracted gas to generate electricity.[5] In 2016, the operational 25 MW power plant is able to provide enough energy for 45,000 people in Rwanda. The ongoing expansion project is expected to add 26 MW of generating capacity in its first phase, and eventually scale up to 100 MW in the coming years.[5]
Utility scale solar
The first utility-scale solar farm in Sub-Saharan Africa outside of South Africa is the 8.5 MW plant at Agahozo-Shalom Youth Village (Liquidnet Family High School), in the
Micro scale solar
The use of off-grid solar power has increased as solar panel prices have fallen and many areas do not expect grid connections in the near future. Solar power produces over 2% of electricity in the country. The country is in the midst of a rapid expansion of its electrical grid and many new plants are proposed or under construction.
Biomass
Biomass is the most important energy source utilized through firewood and agricultural waste for cooking. In 2014, this represented 85% of Rwanda's energy use.[7] Peat from peat marshes in southwestern Rwanda will power two electrical plants. The first 15 MW plant is expected online in 2015 with the second, a 80 MW plant, expected in 2017.
| Generation type | Installed capacity 2019 (MW) |
|---|---|
| Thermal | 103 |
| Hydroelectric | 98 |
| Solar | 12 |
| Total | 213 |
Other energy sources
See also
References
- ^ Feng, Jun. "Electricity Access". Retrieved 9 November 2022.
- ^ "Saudi Arabia funds $20m electricity project in Rwanda". Arab News. 2023-07-12. Retrieved 2023-07-13.
- ^ Solar power stations to supply Rwandan schools with electricity, PANA, 6 October 2011
- ^ Mudingu, Joseph. "FEATURED: REG steps up crackdown on electricity theft". The New Times Rwanda. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
- ^ a b "Killer lake's renewable potential". www.wartsila.com/twentyfour7. Twentyfour7. Archived from the original on 2016-11-17. Retrieved 2016-11-16.
- ^ In Rwanda, Israelis and Americans launch East Africa’s first commercial solar field, Jeruslaem Post, February 6, 2015
- ^ Rwanda Prepares to Switch on Africa's First Peat Fired Power Plant, Reports KT Press, PRNewswire, October 24, 2014
- ^ "POWER AFRICA IN RWANDA | Power Africa | U.S. Agency for International Development". 27 January 2022.