Engineering education in India

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

engineering colleges, 1400 polytechnics and 200 schools of planning and architecture.[1]

Of the hundred thousands engineering graduates produced every year, less than 5% of the engineers are produced by the pan-India national level autonomous institutes created by the acts of parliament, such as the

National Institutes of Technology (NITs) and Indian Institutes of Information Technology (IIITs) [citation needed],a little over 5% are produced by state level autonomous institutes and unitary universities approved by UGC. The remaining over 90% of the engineering graduates are produced by the private and non-autonomous state level engineering education institutes which must obtain the approval from the regulatory authority All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) to run such courses before they start admitting students.[1]

Most common engineering branches in

Electrical and electronic engineering, Mechanical engineering, Civil engineering and Chemical engineering.[2][3]

History

There is long

Ordnance Factories Board and other engineering establishments.[4]

In 1847, India's the first engineering college

IIT Roorkee) was established at Roorkee in present-day Uttarakhand state for the training of Civil Engineers. It was followed by College of Engineering, Pune's precursor, The Poona Engineering Class and Mechanical School in July 1854.[5]

Legal and regulatory framework

Universities and institutes deemed to be universities are approved by the University Grants Commission. In 2021, there are nearly 900 government and private universities and 45,000 colleges affiliated to these universities.[1]

All institutes, universities engineering colleges as well as government or privately funded engineering colleges affiliated to the universities, must obtain an approval from the AICTE which licenses and regulates the institutes, not the individuals or practitioners, which offer the engineering and/or technical education. IITs, IIITs and NITs, etc. do not require approval from UGC or AICTE as these are created as the autonomous organisations through the act of parliament, hence they have full autonomy to decide their teaching standards, course design, curriculum, fee, etc.[1] Engineering colleges run by the Central Universities, which were not created as the autonomous institutes along the lines of IITs, IIITs or NITs, must also seek AICTE approval.

Pan-India or national level institutes

These are either founded and funded or approved by the union

NITs, IIITs and GFTIs. Admission to those are done by Joint Entrance Examination for Undergraduate and Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering for Post graduate.[6]

Indian Institutes of Technology

Main article: Indian Institutes of Technology

The

Joint Admission Test (JAM) and Common Entrance Examination for Design (CEED) for M.Tech., M.Sc. and M.Des. courses. The admission for Ph.D. program is based primarily on a personal interview, though candidates may also have to appear for written tests. The IITs are also well known for their special reservation policy, which is significantly different from the one applied in other educational institutions of India.[8]

National Institutes of Technology

Main article:
National Institutes of Technology

The

All India Engineering Entrance Examination[10] popularly known as AIEEE. From the year 2013, AIEEE was replaced by the Joint Entrance Examination - Main (JEE Main) in which 40% weightage was given to the Higher Secondary results and 60% weightage was given to the JEE(Main) results. However, the weightage of Higher Secondary result was made to be 0% from the year 2017 onwards and it was only given as an eligibility criteria (of either attaining 75% in HS results or being in the top 20% of the respective board). The examination is objective by nature and is conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA)[11] from the year 2019. The exam was previously conducted by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). More than twelve lakh (1,200,000 or 1.2 million) applicants took part in 2013 for approximately 15500 seats in the B. Tech and B. Arch programmes available in all the NITs put together.[12]

Indian Institutes of Information Technology

Main article: Indian Institutes of Information Technology

Indian Institutes of Information Technology (IIITs) are a group of 26

public-private partnership (PPP) model.[13][14]

Admissions into

JEE-Main.[15] For postgraduate programs admission is through Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE). They follow similar academic policies as that of NITs.[16]

Other Central technical Institutions

Main article: Government Funded Technical Institutes

There are more than 30 Government Funded Technical Institutes in addition to IITs, NITs and IIITs. They also follow similar academic and admission policies of IITs, NITs and IIITs.[17]

Private deemed universities

Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani and VITEEE for Vellore Institute of Technology
are also required to be given for admission to these institutes.

The Institution of Engineers (India)

The IEI was established in 1920 in Kolkata, West Bengal and pioneered education in engineering. IEI conducts an examination for its Associate Membership (AMIE). This examination is considered equivalent to B.E. / B. Tech for competitive examinations like the Indian Civil Service, Indian Engineering Services, GATE, etc., and for employment in Government, public and private sectors in India.

There are 2 sections, namely Section A and Section B. Passing both sections means the candidate will be considered a chartered engineer (CEng).

As per AICTE, AMIE is recognized as equivalent to bachelor's degree in appropriate branch of engineering, to those who had enrolled themselves with the institution on or before 31 May 2013. Refer notification from AICTE website.[23]

State-level institutes by the state

As of 2021, India has 28 states each with own government elected separately from the national government (also called union or federal government), and 8 union territories which are administered by the union government. Each state can find and fund own state level technical education institutes and it can also approve such institutes in the private sector, both of these legally remained confined to the specific state within and by which they were created. All these institutes must also obtain AICTE approval for conformation to the engineering and technology education teaching infrastructure and minimum standards.

Issues

Illegal capitation fee

Some of the engineering colleges have been known for involving themselves in the illegal practice of capitation fee. All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), the regulatory body for technical education in India, has called "upon the students, parents and the general public not to pay any capitation fee or any other fee other than that mentioned in the Prospectus of the Institutions for consideration of admission.".[24] AICTE also mentions that the fee charged from students, has to be approved by the fee regulatory committee of the state, and the institute should mention the fee in its website.[25] As per AICTE norms, the educational institutions are not meant to charge a fee higher than what is mentioned in the prospectus. Educational regulatory agencies such as UGC[26] and regional level fee regulating bodies[27] has mandated that an institution should include the fee in the prospectus.

Low quality engineering academics

Lack of academic quality, lack of quality professors, poor infrastructure in some typical private engineering institute in India.[28] CICU president Upkar Singh Ahuja stated that "Poor quality of engineering academics hampering industrial growth".[29] World bank also raised red flag on poor quality academics in India and south Asian countries.[29]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Thakur, Ashok (3 February 2021). "Modi govt's HEC can't just be UGC with new label. Engineering still needs its own regulator". ThePrint. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  2. ^ "Top 5 Engineering Branches in India". Jagranjosh.com. 2017-10-09. Retrieved 2021-12-22.
  3. ^ "Which Type of Engineering Should You Study?". Top Universities. Retrieved 2021-12-22.
  4. ^ MINISTRY OF EDUCATION (1962). THE REPORT OF THE UNIVERSITY EDUCATION COMMISSION (DECEMBER 1948 – AUGUST 1949) (PDF) (Report). Vol. 1. GOVERNMENT OF INDIA.
  5. ^ "History of COEP".
  6. ^ "JEE Main Result 2021: What after JEE Main 2021 result is declared". The Indian Express. 2021-09-12. Retrieved 2021-09-12.
  7. ^ "More dreams get wings as IITs to add 460 seats this year". The Times of India. 19 February 2017.
  8. ^ "IITs | Technical Education | Government of India, Ministry of Human Resource Development". mhrd.gov.in. Retrieved 2019-04-05.
  9. ^ "Technical Education | Government of India,of Human Resource Development". mhrd.gov.in. Retrieved 2018-07-02.
  10. ^ "List of Engineering Entrance Exams". Etoosindia. Retrieved 2021-01-22.
  11. ^ Misra, Aishwarya (2018-04-14). "Establishment of the NTA: Purpose, Organization, Features". EduPadhai. Retrieved 2019-04-22.
  12. ^ "NITs | Technical Education | Government of India, Ministry of Human Resource Development". mhrd.gov.in. Retrieved 2019-04-05.
  13. ^ "Institutions | Government of India, Ministry of Education". www.education.gov.in. Retrieved 2021-09-14.
  14. ^ "welcome to IIIT Council". iiitcouncil.com. Retrieved 2021-09-14.
  15. ^ "More seats in new IITs 387 additional BTech berths on offer this year". Archived from the original on August 19, 2018.
  16. ^ "List of Indian Institutes of Information Technology (IIITs)". engineering.careers360.com. 2017-09-21. Retrieved 2021-09-14.
  17. ^ "JoSAA". josaa.nic.in. Retrieved 2021-07-06.
  18. ^ "MoE, National Institute Ranking Framework (NIRF)". www.nirfindia.org. Retrieved 2021-07-06.
  19. ^ "Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham only Indian university in world top 100 institutes". Hindustan Times. 2021-04-22. Retrieved 2021-07-10.
  20. ^ "MoE, National Institute Ranking Framework (NIRF)". www.nirfindia.org. Retrieved 2021-09-14.
  21. ^ "Top engineering colleges that accept JEE Main score for UG admissions". The Indian Express. 2021-09-09. Retrieved 2021-09-14.
  22. ^ "Engineering Colleges in India Accepting GATE 2021 – Courses, Fees, Admission, Rank". Careers360. Retrieved 2021-09-14.
  23. ^ "Public Notice for Professional Bodies/Institutes Imparting Technical Education | Government of India, All India Council for Technical Education". www.aicte-india.org. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
  24. ^ http://www.aicte-india.org/downloads/notice_prohibition_capitation_fee.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  25. ^ "All India Council for Technical Education" (PDF). Retrieved 17 September 2016.
  26. ^ "Deemed Regulation- The Gazette of India" (PDF). Retrieved 17 September 2016.
  27. ^ "MBA Directives issued to all All Self-Financing Management Institutes on 11-05-2015" (PDF). Retrieved 17 September 2016.
  28. ^ "Addressing the quality deficit in India's technical education". The Indian Express. 2021-08-09. Retrieved 2022-05-06.
  29. ^ a b "'Poor education quality in engineering stopping growth'". The Times of India. May 22, 2019. Retrieved 2022-05-06.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Engineering_education_in_India&oldid=1219846148"