Ennead

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Ennead of Heliopolis
)
Ennead
Ancient Egypt
Some of the Enneade depicted in the Papyrus of Ani
NumberNine

The Ennead or Great Ennead was a group of nine

Horus the Elder
, an ancient form of the falcon god, not the son of Osiris and Isis.

Status within ancient Egypt

The Great Ennead was only one of several such groupings of nine deities in ancient Egypt. Claims to preeminence made by its Heliopolitan priests were not respected throughout Egypt, as each nome typically had its own local deities, whose priests insisted stood above all others;[2] even in the nearby city of Memphis , which along with Heliopolis is contained within the limits of modern Cairo, the priests of Ptah celebrated him as singularly superior to the Nine — In addition to Memphis having its own creation myth, the contemporaneous city of Hermopolis had another creation story, the Ogdoad, that accounted for the physical creation of the universe by eight (different) primordial gods.[2]

Name in Egyptian, Greek, and Latin

Z2
Z2
Z2
N9
X1
R8R8R8
psḏt
The Ennead[3](p 2464)
in hieroglyphs

The English name ennead is a borrowing via

Egyptologists
conventionally transcribe it as Pesedjet.

History

The

Dynasty XIX, whose mortuary temple at Redesiyah celebrated an ennead of six major gods and three deified forms of himself. The ennead mentioned in the Egyptian calendar of lucky and unlucky days,[5][full citation needed] may reference the Pleiades.[6]

The most important was the "Great" or "Heliopolitan Ennead" of Awanu (

Ptolemaic period
.

Its development remains uncertain, although it appears to have first appeared when

Horus
. The two were then combined as Ra-Horus of the Horizons.

Mythology

According to the

Shu and moisture personified as Tefnut. The siblings Shu and Tefnut mated to produce the earth personified as Geb and the nighttime sky personified as Nut
.

Geb and Nut were the parents of

Gallery

Variant hieroglyphs for the Ennead

N6
D46
R8R8R8G7Z3
     
N9 X1
Z2
R8
     
N6
X1
R8R8R8A40Z3


N6
X1 Z4
R8R8R8G7Z3
[3](p 1229)
     
N9
X1
R8Z3
     
N6X1R8R8R8


N9
X1
R8R8R8A40Z3
     
N9
X1
A40
Z2
     
N9
X1
R8R8R8G7


N9
X1
R8R8R8
     
N9
Y1
R8A
     
N10
Y1
R8AG7Z3A
[3](p 1233)


R8 R8 R8
R8 R8 R8
R8 R8 R8
[citation needed]
           
N9
Y1
R8AR8AR8A
N9
Z3A Z3A Z3A
R8AR8AR8A
(properly
Z16H
)[3](p 1232)
           
F37
X1
Z2
Z2
Z2
R8R8R8
(properly
F37J
, a variant with a plain line at a 45° angle)[3](p 518)

A dual Ennead (Psḏty) was written

R8AR8AR8AR8AR8AR8A

[3](p 1702)

In popular culture

Most of the Ennead are portrayed in Gods of Egypt (2016 movie); the main focus of the movie is the conflict between the protagonist god Horus versus the antagonist god Set.

In the first episode of the 2022

Steven Grant
points out a problem with some of the museum's marketing material that seems to refer to the Ennead as a pantheon consisting of seven, rather than nine, gods.

In the BL manhwa ENNEAD, written and illustrated by Mojito, Set (using the name Seth) is the main character. It draws heavily upon classic Egyptian mythology and centers on the conflict between Horus and Seth.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g
    OCLC 937102309
    .
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Clifford, Richard (1994). Creation Accounts in the Ancient Near East and in the Bible. Washington, DC: Catholic Biblical Association. pp. 99–116.
    LCCN 94026565
    – via archive.org.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Vygus, Mark (April 2015). "Middle Egyptian Dictionary" (PDF). Pyramid Texts Online.
  4. ^ "Ennead, n.". Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  5. ^ Papyrus Cairo 86637.
  6. PMID 26679699
    .

Bibliography