Enoxolone

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Enoxolone
Clinical data
Trade namesArthrodont, PruClair
AHFS/Drugs.comInternational Drug Names
Routes of
administration		Oral, topical
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
  • (2S,4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aS,12bR,14bR)-10-hydroxy-2,4a,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-13-oxo-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,12b,13,14b-icosahydropicene-2-carboxylic acid
JSmol)
  • O=C(O)[C@]5(C)C[C@H]4/C3=C/C(=O)[C@H]1[C@](CC[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)CC[C@H](O)C2(C)C)(C)[C@]3(C)CC[C@@]4(C)CC5
  • InChI=1S/C30H46O4/c1-25(2)21-8-11-30(7)23(28(21,5)10-9-22(25)32)20(31)16-18-19-17-27(4,24(33)34)13-12-26(19,3)14-15-29(18,30)6/h16,19,21-23,32H,8-15,17H2,1-7H3,(H,33,34)/t19-,21-,22-,23+,26+,27-,28-,29+,30+/m0/s1
  • Key:MPDGHEJMBKOTSU-YKLVYJNSSA-N

Enoxolone (

glycyrrhizic acid, which was obtained from the herb liquorice
.

The substance has a sweet taste, so it is used in flavoring to mask the bitter taste of drugs like aloe and quinine. It may have some anti-inflammatory activities.[1] One of its metabolites is responsible for the blood pressure-increasing effect of liquorice.[2]

Medical uses

Oral topical

In Turkey, enoxolone is used in a "Anzibel" lozenge in combination with benzocaine (a local anesthetic) and chlorhexidine HCl (an antibacterial).[3]

It is found in an over-the-counter "Arthrodont" toothpaste. Evidence for the ingredient's usefulness for plaque and gingivitis is lacking.[4]

Skin topical

In Japan, enoxolone is found in the "

Salonpas" pain-relief menthol patch.[3]

It is also used in the Singaporean "Vetic" cream.

dermatoses.[5]

Possible other uses

Enoxolone is effective in the treatment of

expectorant (antitussive) properties.[1] It has some additional pharmacological properties with possible antiviral, antifungal, antiprotozoal, and antibacterial activities.[6][7][8][9]

Mechanism of action

Anti-inflammatory

Glycyrrhetinic acid inhibits the

intestines, and markedly increase intestinal motility. They also cause cell proliferation in the stomach. The effect on gastric acid secretion, and promotion of mucous secretion and cell proliferation shows why licorice has potential in treating peptic ulcers.[10]

Licorice should not be taken during pregnancy, because PGF-2α stimulates activity of the uterus during pregnancy and can cause abortion.[citation needed] ds The structure of glycyrrhetinic acid is similar to that of cortisone. Both molecules are flat and similar at positions 3 and 11. This might be the basis for licorice's anti-inflammatory action.[citation needed]

Hypertensive

3-β-D-(Monoglucuronyl)-18-β-glycyrrhetinic acid, a metabolite of glycyrrhetinic acid, inhibits the conversion of 'active'

hypokalaemia, high blood pressure, and inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Therefore, licorice should not be given to patients with a known history of hypertension in doses sufficient to inhibit 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.[2]

Derivatives

Glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives, where R is a variable functional group

In glycyrrhetinic acid, the

nanometers (13 angstroms) available for docking with the sweetener molecule. In addition, the sweetener molecule requires three proton
donor positions, of which two reside at the extremities, to be able to interact efficiently with the receptor cavity.

A synthetic analog, carbenoxolone, was developed in Britain. [citation needed] Both glycyrrhetinic acid and carbenoxolone have a modulatory effect on neural signaling through gap junction channels.

peptic ulcer and gastroesophageal reflux disease
.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Chandler RF (1985). "Liquorice, more than just a flavour". Canadian Pharmaceutical Journal (118): 420–424.
  2. ^
    PMID 15869038
    .
  3. ^ a b c "Enoxolone". Drug Bank. DB13089.
  4. PMID 33991392
    .
  5. ^ "PruClair Nonsteroidal Cream". DailyMed. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  6. PMID 9282507
    .
  7. ^ Fuji HY, Tian J, Luka C (1986). "Effect of glycyrrhetinic acid on influenza virus and pathogenic bacteria". Bull. Chin. Mater. Med. 11: 238–241.
  8. PMID 1839259
    .
  9. ^ Salari MH, Sohrabi N, Kadkhoda Z, Khalili MB (2003). "Antibacterial effects of Enoxolone on periodontopathogenic capnophilic bacteria isolated from specimens of periodontitis patients". Iranian Biomedical Journal. 7: 39–42.
  10. S2CID 25938108
    .
  11. PMID 7775643
    .
  12. doi:10.1246/cl.2005.356. Retrieved 2010-09-28.[permanent dead link
    ]

Further reading

External links

  • Media related to Enoxolone at Wikimedia Commons
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