Enrique Múgica
1977–2000
(1932-02-20)20 February 1932
San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spanish Republic
Enrique Múgica Herzog (20 February 1932 – 11 April 2020) was a Spanish lawyer and politician.
An opponent of
He was born in
Francoism
Despite allegedly not being a communist,
Transition to democracy and first PSOE government
In the
In 2009 former Catalan President Jordi Pujol claimed in the second volume of his memories that in 1980 Múgica had proposed to him to have Prime Minister Adolfo Suárez replaced by a democratically leaning military. Múgica denied such claim as a "made up fancy".[11] Commanding officer involved in the coup Ricardo Pardo Zancada recognized in his book that Armada contemplated Múgica as Minister of Health in the hypothetical government that emerged from the coup.[12]
In 1979 he was a founding executive of the Amistad España–Israel association,[13] and he and his brother Fernando had a leading role in convincing Felipe González to establish diplomatic relations with Israel and managing the process, which was finally sealed in 1986. Múgica was highly attached to Israel and as a Jew he felt proud to be "part of a people always in search of freedom and wisdom",[14] listing Spain, the Basque Country and Israel as his "three loves".[15]
Justice Minister
Múgica was the first Jew to take part in the Spanish government since the Inquisition. Under his tenure the law regulating anonymous societies and demarcation and judicial plan were approved, and the penal reforms leading to the creation of the Juzgados de lo Penal were carried out.[16][17]
He harshly opposed the
In September 1990 he was questioned in the
He was dismissed in March 1991 along with several other ministers. His meeting with González was reported in the press to have been the most difficult of the round as he had expected to receive a different portfolio and his expression was of "disbelief mixed with anger" after realizing he would not.[20]
Ombudsman
Múgica left PSOE in 2000 after being chosen as Spain's ombudsman. He was the first ombudsman to serve for two terms, extending his service until 2010.[21][22][23]
He favored restoring formal address in schools in order to improve the classroom environment, arguing that students addressing teachers as usted instead of tú doesn't imply a "breach" in their relation but "mutual respect".[24]
He supported the
Political controversies
During his ten-year service Múgica remained outspoken in political matters. In 2004, he defended the construction of the
Likewise his controversy with the anti-bullfighting movement,
Death
Enrique Múgica died on 10 April 2020 from COVID-19.[31]
References
- ^ "Enrique Múgica Herzog". Sitio Web del Defensor del Pueblo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 12 April 2011. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "Múgica Herzog, Enrique". Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ Alonso, Mariano (14 January 2014). "Enrique Múgica: "No supe que era judío hasta los 14 ó 15 años"". Libertad Digital (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- Prisa. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- El País, 11 April 2020
- ^ Fallece Enrique Múgica Herzog, ex ministro de Justicia y Defensor del Pueblo, a los 88 años de edad. La Vanguardia, 11 April 2020
- ^ Toda España era una cárcel. Por Rodolfo Serrano y Daniel Serrano (VI). Punto Crítico, 16 April 2017
- ^ Prisión de Carabanchel: un pasado en blanco y negro El País, 19 November 1998
- Prisa. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- elpais.com (online ed.). Madrid: PRISA. Retrieved 4 November 2017.
- Europa Press(in Spanish). 6 October 2009. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "Los ministros de izquierdas que Armada llevaba en su guerrera". La Gaceta. 22 February 2016. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ Danielle Rozenberg, La España contemporánea y la cuestión judía: retejiendo los hilos de la memoria y de la historia, p. 312
- ^ "The Basque Jew, Catalan King and Shoemaker's Adviser". Haaretz. Retrieved 12 April 2020., 12 November 2007
- ^ "Minister in Spanish Government First Jew Since Inquisition'". Jewish Telegraph Agency. 20 March 2015. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
- ^ Ley Orgánica 7/1988, de 28 de diciembre, de los Juzgados de lo Penal, y por la que se modifican diversos preceptos de las Leyes Orgánica del Poder Judicial y de Enjuiciamiento Criminal. Boletín Oficial del Estado.
- ^ Fallece por coronavirus el exministro de Justicia y exDefensor del Pueblo, Enrique Múgica (in Spanish)
- ^ Rojo, Alfonso (10 April 2020). "Múgica, testigo de un PSOE que pasó a la historia". La Razón (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- Prisa. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ Historia de una crisis. El País, 12 March 1991
- ^ Enrique Múgica será reelegido defensor del pueblo hasta 2010. El País, 27 May 2005
- ^ El Congreso reelige a Enrique Múgica como Defensor del Pueblo tras el acuerdo alcanzado entre PSOE y PP El Mundo, 28 June 2005
- ^ Múgica cesa como Defensor del Pueblo al expirar su mandato RTVE, 30 June 2010
- ^ El Defensor del Pueblo propone erradicar el tuteo en las aulas para acabar con la violencia escolar. El País, 25 June 2007
- ^ Múgica: "Me importa tres cominos que me excomulguen". La Vanguardia, 25 November 2009
- ^ "El Defensor del Pueblo defiende el muro de Cisjordania". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 2 March 2004. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "Parlamentarios en defensa de los animales piden la comparecencia de Múgica por llamar "tontos" a los antitaurinos". Europapress (in Spanish). 16 December 2008. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- Europa Press (19 September 2006). "El Defensor del Pueblo recurre el Estatut catalán ante el Tribunal Constitucional". El Mundo(in Spanish). Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- Vocento. 31 July 2006. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ En la muerte de Enrique Múgica: un hombre clave en la dispersión de los presos de ETA ABC.es, 12 April 2020
- ^ "Muere Enrique Múgica, ex ministro de Justicia y Defensor del Pueblo". La Razón (in Spanish). 11 April 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
Preceded by Fernando Ledesma Bartret |
Ministry of Justice of Spain 1988–1991 |
Succeeded by |
Preceded by | Defensor del Pueblo (Ombudsman) 2000–2010 |
Succeeded by |
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