Entablature

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
(Redirected from
Entablatures
)
Entablatures at Caesarea Maritima
Entablature at the Temple of Venus Genetrix, Rome

An entablature (

Greek and Roman temples are believed to be based on wooden structures, the design transition from wooden to stone structures being called petrification
.

Overview

The structure of an entablature varies with the

orders of architecture. In each order, the proportions of the subdivisions (architrave, frieze, cornice) are defined by the proportions of the column. In Roman and Renaissance
interpretations, it is usually approximately a quarter of the height of the column. Variants of entablature that do not fit these models are usually derived from them.

Doric

In the pure classical

guttae, the regulae, and the taenia
.

The frieze is dominated by the

mutules
, tablets that are typically finished with guttae.

The cornice is split into the soffit, the corona, and the cymatium. The soffit is simply the exposed underside. The corona and the cymatium are the principal parts of the cornice.

Ionic

The Ionic order of entablature adds the fascia in the architrave, which are flat horizontal protrusions, and the dentils under the cornice, which are tooth-like rectangular block moldings.

Corinthian

The

cyma recta. The modillions are ornate brackets, similar in use to dentils, but often in the shape of acanthus
leaves.

The frieze is sometimes omitted—for example, on the portico of the caryatides of the

temple of Diana at Ephesus. Neither is it found in the Lycian tombs, which are reproductions in the rock of timber structures based on early Ionian work.[1] The entablature is essentially an evolution of the primitive lintel
, which spans two posts, supporting the ends of the roof rafters.

Non-classical architecture

The entablature together with the system of classical columns occurs rarely outside classical architecture. It is often used to complete the upper portion of a wall where columns are not present, and in the case of pilasters (flattened columns or projecting from a wall) or detached or engaged columns it is sometimes profiled around them.[2] The use of the entablature, irrespective of columns, appeared after the Renaissance.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domainChisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Entablature". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 654.
  2. ^ Poole, homas Henry (1909). "Entablature" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company.