Enteroendocrine cell
Enteroendocrine cell | |
---|---|
Details | |
System | Endocrine system |
Location | Gastrointestinal tract |
Identifiers | |
Latin | endocrinocyti gastroenteropancreatici |
MeSH | D019858 |
TH | H3.04.02.0.00024, H3.08.01.0.00003 |
FMA | 62930 |
Anatomical terms of microanatomy |
Enteroendocrine cells are specialized
Intestinal enteroendocrine cells
Intestinal enteroendocrine cells are not clustered together but spread as single cells throughout the intestinal tract.[7]
Hormones secreted include
K cell
K cells secrete
L cell
L cells secrete glucagon-like peptide-1, an incretin, peptide YY3-36, oxyntomodulin and glucagon-like peptide-2. L cells are primarily found in the ileum and large intestine (colon), but some are also found in the duodenum and jejunum.[14]
I cell
I cells secrete
G cell
Stomach enteroendocrine cells, which release gastrin, and stimulate gastric acid secretion.[17]
Enterochromaffin cell
Enterochromaffin cells are enteroendocrine and neuroendocrine cells with a close similarity to adrenomedullary chromaffin cells secreting serotonin.[18]
Enterochromaffin-like cell
Enterochromaffin-like cells or ECL cells are a type of neuroendocrine cell secreting histamine.
N cell
Located in a increasing manner throughout the small intestine, with the highest levels found in the in ileum,[19] N cells release neurotensin, and control smooth muscle contraction.[20]
S cell
S cells secrete secretin mostly from the duodenum, but also in decreasing amounts throughout the rest of the small intestine,[21] and stimulate exocrine pancreatic secretion.[16]
D cell
Also called Delta cells, D cells secrete somatostatin.
Mo cell (or M cell)
- found in crypts of the small intestine, especially in the duodenum and jejunum.
- Different from the Microfold cells (M cells) that are in Peyer's patches.
- Secrete motilin[22][23]
Gastric enteroendocrine cells
Gastric enteroendocrine cells are found in the
Other hormones produced include
Pancreatic enteroendocrine cells
Pancreatic enteroendocrine cells are located in the
Other hormones produced include somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide, amylin and ghrelin.
Clinical significance
Rare and slow growing carcinoid and non-carcinoid tumors develop from these cells. When a tumor arises it has the capacity to secrete large volumes of hormones.[2][26]
History
The very discovery of hormones occurred during studies of how the digestive system regulates its activities, as explained at Secretin § Discovery.
Other organisms
In rats (
See also
References
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- PMID 15044355. Archived from the originalon 2013-05-02. Retrieved 2013-03-01.
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- ISBN 9781420005424.
- ^ PMID 18185066.
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- ^ PMID 4077699.
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- PMID 21124210.
- S2CID 25748028. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2014-12-31. Retrieved 2014-12-31.
- S2CID 235203208. Retrieved 2023-09-20.
- ^ PMID 22730282.
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- S2CID 257506286. Retrieved 2023-09-20.
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- ISBN 9780849361586.
- PMID 26115342.
- PMID 6194833.
- S2CID 15849806.
- PMID 15887158.
- PMID 23094724.
External links
- Histology image: 11604loa – Histology Learning System at Boston University - "Endocrine System: duodenum, enteroendocrine cells"