Enthronement
An enthronement is a ceremony of inauguration, involving a person—usually a monarch or religious leader—being formally seated for the first time upon their throne. Enthronements may also feature as part of a larger coronation rite.
In a general sense, an enthronement may also refer to a ceremony marking a monarch's accession, generally distinguished from a coronation as no crown or other regalia is physically bestowed upon the one being enthroned, although regalia may be present at the ceremony.
Enthronements occur in both church and state settings, since the throne is seen as a symbol of authority, both secular and spiritual.
Religious ceremonies
Enthronements are most popular in religious settings, as a chair is seen as the symbol of the authority to
However, in the Catholic Church the rite of enthronement is limited to Eastern Catholic Churches. In these, enthronement is the rite by which a new bishop assumes authority over his eparchy and before which he is forbidden to intervene in its governance in any way, whether personally or by proxy.[2] The overwhelmingly majority Latin Church of the Catholic Church has no ceremony of enthronement, although when a bishop is ordained in a church of the diocese he is to head, the principal consecrator invites him, after his investiture with mitre and crozier, to be seated on the cathedra of the church; if the ordination takes place elsewhere, the principal consecrator invites him merely to take first place among the concelebrating bishops.[3] Instead of by enthronement, a Latin bishop takes office through an officially recorded presentation of the papal bull of his appointment, a ceremony that does not necessarily involve his personal presence.[4] In the section in the Caeremoniale Episcoporum on "The Reception of a Bishop in His Cathedral Church" there is no mention of a ritual taking possession of the episcopal cathedra.[5] The same is true even of older editions of this work.[6]
Papal
Today, "a solemn ceremony of the inauguration of the pontificate" is held after the election of a pope and only later, "within an appropriate time", the new pope "take(s) possession of the Patriarchal Archbasilica of the Lateran, according to the prescribed ritual", which includes taking his seat upon the episcopal cathedra and which can therefore be considered a form of enthronement.[7]
State ceremonies
Previously, most inaugural ceremonies marking the accession of a monarch took the form of a
Now that coronations are no longer being practiced in most monarchies (most nations require only that their monarchs take an oath upon accession), the term enthronement may be used by some to describe ceremonies surrounding the monarch's accession, including his or her oath-taking, since the "throne" (physical or symbolic) of the monarch remains.
While no Norwegian monarch has been crowned in nearly a century, Olav V instituted a "consecration" ceremony, wherein he received the church's blessing, to inaugurate his reign. This practice was also followed by his son Harald V. The formal inauguration ceremony of monarchs of Japan,[8] Sweden, Belgium and the Netherlands take on many different forms and are also known as "enthronements" in a broader sense. However, the term "coronation" is still sometimes used to describe these ceremonies, even though they are not coronations in the truest sense of the word.
Belgium
Belgium has no physical crown (except as a
Japan
The
This ancient rite was held in Kyoto, the former capital of Japan, until 1990 when the enthronement ceremony for Emperor Akihito took place at the Imperial Palace in Tokyo. The ceremony is not public, and the regalia are generally seen only by the emperor himself and a few Shinto priests. However, an account in Time from the enthronement of Akihito's father Hirohito in 1928 reveals a few details. First is a three-hour ceremony in which the emperor ritually informed his ancestors that he had assumed the throne. This was followed by the enthronement itself, which took place in an enclosure called the Takamikura, which contained a great square pedestal upholding three octagonal pedestals topped by a simple chair. This was surrounded by an octagonal pavilion with curtains, surmounted by a great golden phoenix.[10]
The new emperor proceeded to the chair, where after being seated, the Kusanagi and Yasakani no magatama were placed on stands next to him. A simple
After this ceremony, the new Emperor gave offerings to Amaterasu, offering rice specially prepared for the occasion. This was followed by three banquets and a visit to the Shrines of his ancestors.[10]
Luxembourg
The
Malaysia
The new ruler of Malaysia is enthroned in a special ceremony after his election, which involves the use of several items of
The new king proceeds into the Istana Negara Throne Hall at the head of a large procession also consisting of his spouse, specially-picked soldiers carrying the royal regalia, and other notables including the
Spain
No monarch of Spain has been physically crowned since
Historically, Castilian coronations were performed at
Sweden
In
See also
- Coronation, anointing, and investiture
- Throne of England of the Monarchs of England
- Emperors of China
- Emperors of Japan
- Phoenix Throne of the Kings of Korea
- Lion Throne of the Dalai Lamas of Tibet
- Peacock Throne of the Mughal Empire
- Persian Empire
- Asanteman, Ghana
- The Crown
- Kingdom of Sweden
Notes
- ^ A university professor is said to hold the "chair" of some field of instruction.
- ^ Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches, canon 189 Archived June 4, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Caeremoniale Episcoporum, 589
- ^ Canons 382 Archived January 18, 2012, at the Wayback Machine and 404 Archived January 15, 2010, at the Wayback Machine of the Code of Canon Law
- ^ Caeremoniale Episcoporum, 1141-1148
- ^ Caeremoniale Episcoporum 1752 updated to 1886, book I, chapter II, 5
- ^ Universi Dominici Gregis, 92 Archived May 6, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). "Enthronement Ceremonies" in The Imperial House of Japan, pp. 341-365.
- ^ "NIS News Bulletin (28/188 • International) - Belgium Swears in New King to Warm Welcome". Archived from the original on March 5, 2012. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
- ^ a b c "Emperor Enthroned". Time. November 19, 1928. Archived from the original on January 13, 2009. Retrieved October 12, 2008.
- ^ "Yang di-Pertuan Agong". Malaysianmonarchy.org.my. Archived from the original on May 12, 2008. Retrieved October 12, 2008.
- ^ a b Muir, Thomas (1911). Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 187. . In
- JSTOR 2854948.
- ^ Hoffman, Erich (1990). "Coronation and Coronation Ordines in Medieval Scandinavia". In Bak, János M (ed.). Coronations: Medieval and Early Modern Monarchic Ritual. Berkeley: University of California Press. Retrieved October 12, 2008.
References
- Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 194887