Environment of Pakistan
This article discusses topics related to the environment of Pakistan.
Biota
Climate
Geography
Water
Climate change
Pollution
Pollution is the introduction of
Coast Pollution
Pakistan's coastline, which stretches over 1,046 km, is facing severe pollution due to a combination of industrial, port, municipal, and transportation activities in the area. The coastline is being overwhelmed with
Air pollution
The Air pollution is the release of chemicals and
Rickshaws
The
Light pollution
The
Littering
Noise pollution
Soil contamination
Radioactive contamination
Thermal pollution
Thermal pollution is a temperature change in natural water bodies caused by human influence, such as use of water as coolant in a power plant.
Visual pollution
Water pollution
Tanning
Pakistan exports Leather product using Leather production processes including tanning. In addition to the other environmental impacts of leather, the production processes have a high environmental impact, most notably due to:
- the heavy use of polluting chemicals in the tanning process
- air pollution due to the transformation process (hydrogen sulfide during dehairing and ammonia during deliming, solvent vapours).
One tonne of hide or skin generally leads to the production of 20 to 80 m3 of turbid and foul-smelling wastewater, including chromium levels of 100–400 mg/L, sulfide levels of 200–800 mg/L and high levels of fat and other solid wastes, as well as notable pathogen contamination. Pesticides are also often added for hide conservation during transport. With solid wastes representing up to 70% of the wet weight of the original hides, the tanning process comes at a considerable strain on water treatment installations.[5]
Climate
most part of Pakistan lies in the arid to semi arid climatic zone. However there is a lot of variation observed in Pakistan due to different relief features, from lofty mountains to low-lying areas. for the most part the climate of Pakistan is divided into four major climatic zones
1 High land climate zone (including all the mountainous regions of Pakistan's western and northern mountains) 2 low land climatic zone (including all the plain areas of Pakistan comprising the whole Indus plain except the Indus delta) 3 arid climate zone ( this zone includes the south eastern deserts like Cholistan, Nara and Tharparker ) 4 coastal climate zone ( including the coastal stripe from Makran coast to Karachi coast and Sindh coastal areas of Pakistan)
Geography
Water
Energy
Protected areas
Environmental policy
Environmental affairs in Pakistan are managed and regulated by the
Environmental issues
See also
External links
- Nontraditional Security Threats in Pakistan by Ali Tauqeer Sheikh (October 2011)
- Ecological and Nontraditional Security Challenges in South Asia by Dennis C. Pirages, Farooq Sobhan, Stacy D. VanDeveer and Li Li (June 2011)
References
- ^ "Pollution - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary". Merriam-webster.com. 2010-08-13. Retrieved 2010-08-26.
- ^ The Karachi Coastline Case Archived 2009-01-10 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Rising air pollution badly affecting Karachiites
- ^ Concerns about MTBE from U.S. EPA website
- ^ "Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook - Environmental Guidelines for Tanning and Leather Finishing" (PDF). Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency, World Bank Group. Retrieved 2010-01-02.