Environmental chemistry
Environmental chemistry is the
Environmental chemistry involves first understanding how the
Environmental
Contaminant
A
The "medium" such as soil or organism such as fish affected by the pollutant or contaminant is called a receptor, whilst a sink is a chemical medium or species that retains and interacts with the pollutant such as carbon sink and its effects by microbes.
Environmental indicators
Chemical measures of
Applications
Environmental chemistry is used by the
- Heavy metal contamination of land by industry. These can then be transported into water bodies and be taken up by living organisms.
- ppb) using environmental chemistry and chromatography laboratory testing.
- Nutrients leaching from agricultural land into water courses, which can lead to algal blooms and eutrophication.[7]
- Organometallic compounds.[9]
Methods
Common analytical techniques used for quantitative determinations in environmental chemistry include classical wet chemistry, such as
Other parameters often measured in environmental chemistry are radiochemicals. These are pollutants which emit radioactive materials, such as alpha and beta particles, posing danger to human health and the environment. Particle counters and Scintillation counters are most commonly used for these measurements. Bioassays and immunoassays are utilized for toxicity evaluations of chemical effects on various organisms. Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR is able to identify species of bacteria and other organisms through specific DNA and RNA gene isolation and amplification and is showing promise as a valuable technique for identifying environmental microbial contamination.
Published analytical methods
Peer-reviewed test methods have been published by government agencies[11][12] and private research organizations.[13] Approved published methods must be used when testing to demonstrate compliance with regulatory requirements.
Notable environmental chemists
Philip Gschwend
Alice Hamilton
John M. Hayes
Charles David Keeling
Ralph Keeling
Mario Molina (Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1995)
James J. Morgan
Roger Revelle
Sherry Roland (Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1995)
Robert Angus Smith
Susan Solomon
Werner Stumm
Ellen Swallow Richards
Hans Suess
John Tyndall
See also
- Environmental monitoring
- Freshwater environmental quality parameters
- Green chemistry
- Green Chemistry Journal
- Journal of Environmental Monitoring
- Important publications in Environmental chemistry
- List of chemical analysis methods
References
- ISBN 0-471-48942-5
- ^ "Glossary to the Buzzards Bay Watershed Management Plan". Archived from the original on 2016-10-09. Retrieved 2006-03-23.
- ^ American Meteorological Society. Glossary of Meteorology Archived 2011-09-20 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ North Carolina State University. Department of Soil Science. "Glossary." Archived 2014-09-18 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Global Resource Action Center for the Environment (GRACE). New York, NY. Sustainable Table: Dictionary Archived 2012-08-24 at the Wayback Machine
- ISBN 0-85404-584-8
- ^ United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Washington, DC. "Protecting Water Quality from Agricultural Runoff." Document No. EPA 841-F-05-001. March 2005.
- ^ EPA. "Protecting Water Quality from Urban Runoff." Document No. EPA 841-F-03-003. February 2003.
- ISBN 978-1-84755-177-1.
- ISBN 0-19-856440-6.
- ^ "Clean Water Act Analytical Methods". EPA. 2022-07-27.
- ^ "Hazardous Waste Test Methods / SW-846". EPA. 2022-06-15.
- ISBN 978-0-87553-047-5. Also available on CD-ROM and onlineby subscription.
Further reading
- Stanley E Manahan. Environmental Chemistry. CRC Press. 2004. ISBN 1-56670-633-5.
- Julian E. Andrews; ISBN 978-1-118-68547-1.
- Rene P Schwarzenbach, Philip M Gschwend, Dieter M Imboden. Environmental Organic Chemistry, Second edition. Wiley-Interscience, Hoboken, New Jersey, 2003. ISBN 0-471-35750-2.
- NCERT XI textbook.[ unit 14]
External links
- List of links for Environmental Chemistry - from the WWW Virtual Library
- International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry
