Epigallocatechin gallate
Names | |
---|---|
IUPAC name
(2R,3R)-3′,4′,5,5′,7-Pentahydroxyflavan-3-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
| |
Systematic IUPAC name
(2R,3R)-5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-3-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate | |
Other names
(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate
(2R,3R)-3′,4′,5,5′,7-pentahydroxyflavan-3-yl gallate | |
Identifiers | |
3D model (
JSmol ) |
|
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
ChemSpider | |
ECHA InfoCard
|
100.111.017 |
IUPHAR/BPS |
|
KEGG | |
MeSH | Epigallocatechin+gallate |
PubChem CID
|
|
UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
|
|
| |
| |
Properties | |
C22H18O11 | |
Molar mass | 458.372 g/mol |
soluble (5 g/L)[vague][1] | |
Solubility | soluble in ethanol, DMSO, dimethyl formamide[1] at about 20 g/L[2] |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), also known as epigallocatechin-3-gallate, is the
EGCG – the most abundant catechin in tea – is a polyphenol under basic research for its potential to affect human health and disease. EGCG is used in many dietary supplements.
Food sources
Tea
It is found in high content in the dried leaves of
Other
Trace amounts are found in
Bioavailability
When taken orally, EGCG has poor absorption even at daily intake equivalent to 8–16 cups of green tea, an amount causing
Research
Well-studied in basic research, EGCG has various biological effects in laboratory studies.[8][9][10][11]
A 2011 analysis by the European Food Safety Authority found that a cause and effect relationship could not be shown for a link between tea catechins and the maintenance of normal blood LDL-cholesterol concentration.[12] A 2016 review found that high daily doses (107 to 856 mg/day) taken by human subjects over four to 14 weeks produced a small reduction of LDL cholesterol.[13]
Potential toxicity
A 2018 review showed that excessive intake of EGCG may cause liver toxicity.[14] In 2018, the European Food Safety Authority stated that daily intake of 800 mg or more could increase risk of liver damage.[15]
Taken as a capsule or tablet 338 mg per day of EGCG is considered safe, whereas 704 mg per day is safe if consumed as a tea beverage.[14] 100 mL of green tea contains about 70.2 mg of EGCG (about 165 mg per cup).[15]
Regulation
Over 2008 to 2017, the US
See also
References
- ^ a b "(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate". Chemicalland21.com.
- ^ "Product Information: (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate" (PDF). Cayman Chemical. 4 September 2014.
- ^ a b Bhagwat, Seema; Haytowitz, David B.; Holden, Joanne M. (September 2011). USDA Database for the Flavonoid Content of Selected Foods, Release 3 (PDF) (Report). Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. pp. 2, 98–103. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
- S2CID 20844066.
- PMID 12960117.
- ^ PMID 12376503.
- PMID 15640486.
- PMID 24987194. 146832.
- PMID 28791306.
- PMID 22020144.
- PMID 23871988.
- .
- S2CID 39704366.
- ^ PMID 29580974.
- ^ PMID 32625874.
- ^ "Sharp Labs Inc: Warning Letter". Inspections, Compliance, Enforcement, and Criminal Investigations. Food and Drug Administration. 9 July 2008. Archived from the original on 23 October 2016. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
- ^ "Fleminger Inc.: Warning Letter". Inspections, Compliance, Enforcement, and Criminal Investigations. Food and Drug Administration. 22 February 2010. Archived from the original on 23 October 2016. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
- ^ a b "LifeVantage Corporation: Warning Letter". Inspections, Compliance, Enforcement, and Criminal Investigations. Food and Drug Administration. 17 April 2017. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
- ^ "N.V.E. Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Warning Letter". Inspections, Compliance, Enforcement, and Criminal Investigations. Food and Drug Administration. 22 July 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2017.