Foreskin restoration

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(Redirected from
Epispasm
)
Dual tension restorer applied to a circumcised penis for non-surgical foreskin restoration

Foreskin restoration is the process of expanding the skin on the penis to reconstruct an organ similar to the foreskin, which has been removed by circumcision or injury. Foreskin restoration is primarily accomplished by stretching the residual skin of the penis, but surgical methods also exist. Restoration creates a facsimile of the foreskin, but specialized tissues removed during circumcision cannot be reclaimed. Actual regeneration of the foreskin is experimental at this time. Some forms of restoration involve only partial regeneration in instances of a high-cut wherein the circumcisee feels that the circumciser removed too much skin and that there is not enough skin for erections to be comfortable.[1]

History

In the

Hellenistic ideal of gymnastic nudity.[2] Men with short foreskins would wear the kynodesme to prevent exposure.[3] As a consequence of this social stigma, an early form of foreskin restoration known as epispasm was practiced among some Jews in Ancient Rome (8th century BC to 5th century AD).[4]

Foreskin restoration is of ancient origin and dates back to the reign of the

European Jews sought foreskin restoration to avoid Nazi persecution.[6]

Non-surgical techniques

Tissue expansion

Non-surgical foreskin restoration, accomplished through tissue expansion, is the more commonly used method.[7]

Tissue expansion has long been known to stimulate mitosis, and research shows that regenerated human tissues have the attributes of the original tissue.[8]

Methods and devices

Application of a typical restoration device, the TugAhoy, called a 'Chinese puzzle' by its inventor

During restoration via tissue expansion, the remaining penile skin is pulled forward over the glans, and tension is maintained either manually or through the aid of a foreskin restoration device.[9]

T-tape with a leg strap

Surgical techniques

Foreskin reconstruction

Surgical methods of foreskin restoration, known as foreskin reconstruction, usually involve a method of

distal portion of the penile shaft. The grafted skin is typically taken from the scrotum, which contains the same smooth muscle (known as dartos fascia) as does the skin of the penis. One method involves a four-stage procedure in which the penile shaft is buried in the scrotum for a period of time.[10]

Results

Stages of non-surgical restoration

Physical aspects

A partially restored foreskin after four years of non-surgical restoration

Restoration creates a facsimile of the prepuce, but specialized tissues removed during circumcision cannot be reclaimed.[medical citation needed] Surgical procedures exist to reduce the size of the opening once restoration is complete (as depicted in the image above),[11] or it can be alleviated through a longer commitment to the skin expansion regime to allow more skin to collect at the tip.[12]

The natural foreskin is composed of smooth dartos muscle tissue (called the peripenic muscle[13]), large blood vessels, extensive innervation, outer skin, and inner mucosa.[14]

The process of foreskin restoration seeks to regenerate some of the tissue removed by circumcision, as well as provide coverage of the glans. According to research, the foreskin comprises over half of the skin and mucosa of the human penis.[15]

Physical aspects

In a survey restorers reported restoration; increased their sexual pleasure for 69% and improved their relationship for 25% [16]

Organizations

Various groups have been founded since the late 20th century, especially in

National Organization of Restoring Men (NORM) was founded as a non-profit support group for men undertaking foreskin restoration. In 1991, the group UNCircumcising Information and Resource Centers (UNCIRC) was formed,[17] which was incorporated into NORM in 1994.[18] NORM chapters have been founded throughout the United States, as well as in Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, and Germany. In France, there are two associations about this. The "Association contre la Mutilation des Enfants" AME (association against child mutilation), and more recently "Droit au Corps" (right to the body).[19]

See also

References

  1. PMID 11732129
    .
  2. ^
    epispasm, that was aimed at elongation.

    — Jacob Neusner
    , Approaches to Ancient Judaism, New Series: Religious and Theological Studies (1993), p. 149, Scholars Press.
  3. S2CID 29580193
    .
  4. PMID 6994325
    .
  5. doi:10.1080/00224499109551600
    .
  6. ^ Tushmet L (1965). "Uncircumcision". Medical Times. 93 (6): 588–93. Archived from the original on 2013-10-23.[unreliable medical source?]
  7. PMID 22083672
    .
  8. ^ Cordes S, Calhoun KH, Quinn FB (1997-10-15). "Tissue Expanders". University of Texas Medical Branch Department of Otolaryngology Grand Rounds. Archived from the original on 2004-10-11.
  9. PMID 2231896
    .
  10. JSTOR 3812166
    .
  11. ISBN 0-9630482-1-X
    .
  12. S2CID 37867161
    .
  13. ^ Jefferson G (1916). "The peripenic muscle: some observations on the anatomy of phimosis". Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics. 23: 177–81.
  14. S2CID 30559310
    .
  15. PMID 8800902
    .
  16. PMID 36997741
    .
  17. ^ Bigelow J (Summer 1994). "Uncircumcising: undoing the effects of an ancient practice in a modern world". Mothering: 36–60.
  18. ^ Griffiths RW. "NORM - History". Retrieved 2006-08-21.
  19. ^ "Qui sommes-nous?". Droit au Corps. 14 May 2013. Retrieved 29 August 2017.

Further reading

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