Eranad

Coordinates: 11°07′09″N 76°07′11″E / 11.119198°N 76.119631°E / 11.119198; 76.119631
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the erstwhile province in Kerala. For other uses, see Eranad (disambiguation).

Eranad
Ernad
Erstwhile Province
Clockwise from top:
UTC+5:30 (IST)
Vehicle registrationKL-10, KL-71 & KL-84

Eranad also known as Ernad refers to the erstwhile province in the midland area of Malabar, consisting of

Samanthan Nair clan known as Eradis, similar to the Vellodis of neighbouring Valluvanad and Nedungadis of Nedunganad. The rulers of Eranad were known by the title Eralppad/Eradi. They also used the title Thirumulpad.[citation needed
]

Ernad had two capitals during various times,

Kondotty Taluk, Tirurangadi Taluk, and two villages in Tirur Taluk (Kottakkal and Ponmala), and three villages in present-day Kozhikode Taluk, (Feroke, Ramanattukara, and Kadalundi).[4]

Etymology

History

The Zamorin was actually known as Eradi (Ruler of Eranadu) before he shifted his headquarters from Nediyiruppu to Kozhikode.

The ancient port of

sesterces.[9][10] Pliny the Elder mentioned that Limyrike was prone by pirates.[11] The Cosmas Indicopleustes mentioned that the Limyrike was a source of peppers.[12][13]

Dharmadam, Panthalayini, and Chaliyam, were built during the era of Malik Dinar, and they are among the oldest Masjids in the Indian subcontinent.[18] It is believed that Malik Dinar died at Thalangara in Kasaragod town.[19]

Eranad (from "Erala-nadu", the Land of the Cattle, according to

Jewish Copper Plate (1000 CE).[1] The Viraraghava Copper Plate (1225 CE) is also signed by the Eralanadu ruler.[1]

After the fall of the Cheras, the region became an independent political entity.[1] Later, the Eradis expanded their kingdom to the west and moved their capital to Calicut while setting up a regional capital at Kottappadi, Malappuram with Paranambi as the chieftain.[1] The Eradis came to be known as the "Kings of the Oceans" (Samoothiri/Zamorin) in later times.[1]

The Ernad taluk existed during British Colonial rule in India was under Malappuram Revenue Division, along with the neighbouring Valluvanad Taluk, a part of Malabar District within the Madras Presidency.[3] The oldest teak plantation of the world at Nilambur, and the first tile-manufacturing industry of India at Feroke, were in Eranad.

In the first decade after Independence, large-scale changes in the territorial jurisdiction of this region took place with the formation of new taluks.

Kondotty Taluk,[21] were formed later by bifurcating Tirur Taluk and Eranad taluk.[22]

Geography

William Logan, the author of Malabar Manual and a former District Collector of Malabar, described Eranad as the most typical Taluk of erstwhile Malabar District, having many smaller hills, valleys, Conolly Canal, long rivers and their tributaries (Chaliyar and Kadalundi River), various plantations, paddy fields etc.[2] The highest peaks in the erstwhile Malabar District was located in Nilambur region of Eranad (Eastern Eranad) on the vicinity of Nilgiri Mountains.[2] The 2,554 m high Mukurthi peak, which is situated in the border of modern-day Nilambur Taluk and Ooty Taluk, and is also the fifth-highest peak in South India as well as the third-highest in Kerala after Anamudi (2,696 m) and Meesapulimala (2,651 m), was the highest point of elevation in Malabar district. It is also the highest peak in Kerala outside the Idukki district. The 2,383 high Anginda peak, which is located closer to Malappuram-Palakkad-Nilgiris district border is the second-highest peak.[2] Vavul Mala, a 2,339 m high peak situated on the trijunction of Nilambur Taluk of Malappuram, Wayanad, and Thamarassery Taluk of Kozhikode districts, was the third-highest point of elevation in the district.[2] Apart from the main continuous range of Western Ghats, there were many small undulating hills in the lowland of the district.[2]

In the British records, Eastern Eranad region was collectively described as Nilambur Valley.

Kadalundi river
.

Malabar Rebellion

The region was the centre of the

Malabar Rebellion of 1921. This armed uprising against British and feudal lords was put down by the Colonial government.[citation needed
]

Eranad, the name also used by

  • Eranad Cement Private Limited[26]
  • Ernad Engineering Enterprises Private Limited[27]
  • Eranad Express[28]
  • Eranad Township Complex Private Limited[29]
  • Eranad Hallmarking Centre Private Limited[30]
  • Eranad Knowledge City[31]
  • Eranad Estates Private Limited
  • Eranad Travel And Tourism[32][33][34]
  • Eranad Beverages Private Limited
  • Eranad Properties Private Limited
  • Eranad Hospital, Manjeri
  • Eranad Floorings LLP

Eranad Taluk under British Rule

Eranad Taluk in the erstwhile Malabar District

The Amsoms included in Ernad Taluk was classified into four divisions- Parappur (Southern Parappanad), Ramanad, Cheranad, and Eranad. There were 52 Amsoms in the Taluk.[2] (A part of Cheranad division was under Ponnani Taluk). The British Eranad Taluk was created in 1860-61by merging the erstwhile British Taluks of Southern Parappanad, Ramanad, Cheranad, and Eranad, which were vested between River Chaliyar and Kadalundi River.[2]

1. Parappur (Southern Parappanad)

Southern

Zamorin of Calicut. Parappanangadi, the headquarters of Parappanad royal family, was at Southern Parappanad.[2]
It consisted of the following 7 Amsoms:

2. Ramanad

Ramanad was directly ruled by the

Zamorin of Calicut.[2]
It consisted of the following 7 Amsoms:

3. Cheranad

Cheranad was also directly ruled by the

Zamorin of Calicut.[2] Cheranad was scattered in Eranad and Ponnani Taluks. The headquarters of Cheranad was Tirurangadi
. It consisted of the following 17 Amsoms:

Eranad Taluk

Ponnani Taluk

4. Eranad

Eranad was the original headquarters of the

Zamorin of Calicut. It was later changed to Kozhikode with the conquest of Polanad. It also was under the direct rule of the Zamorin.[2]
It consisted of the following 26 Amsoms:

Transportation

The Ernad area connects with other parts of India through highway NH966. Multiple state highways connect the region with other parts of the district as well as the rest of the state. The nearest airport is at

Karipur. The nearest major railway station is at Tirur, which is also the oldest Railway Station in the state of Kerala
.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h K. V. Krishna Iyer, Zamorins of Calicut: From the earliest times to AD 1806. Calicut: Norman Printing Bureau, 1938.
  2. ^
    ISBN 9788120604476
    .
  3. ^ a b c 1951 census handbook - Malabar district (PDF). Chennai: Government of Madras. 1953. pp. 1–2.
  4. ^ Presidency, Madras (India (1915). Madras District Gazetteers, Statistical Appendix For Malabar District (Vol.2 ed.). Madras: The Superintendent, Government Press. p. 20. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  5. ^
    ISBN 9788126415786
    .
  6. ^ Coastal Histories: Society and Ecology in Pre-modern India, Yogesh Sharma, Primus Books 2010
  7. ^ Gurukkal, R., & Whittaker, D. (2001). In search of Muziris. Journal of Roman Archaeology, 14, 334-350.
  8. ^ A. Shreedhara Menon, A Survey of Kerala History
  9. ^ According to Pliny the Elder, goods from India were sold in the Empire at 100 times their original purchase price.
  10. ^ [1]
  11. ^ Bostock, John (1855). "26 (Voyages to India)". Pliny the Elder, The Natural History. London: Taylor and Francis.
  12. ^ Indicopleustes, Cosmas (1897). Christian Topography. 11. United Kingdom: The Tertullian Project. pp. 358–373.
  13. ^ Das, Santosh Kumar (2006). The Economic History of Ancient India. Genesis Publishing Pvt Ltd. p. 301.
  14. ISBN 9780765601049
    .
  15. ISBN 978-0-231-70024-5
    . Retrieved 24 July 2012.
  16. ISBN 978-90-04-07929-8
    . Retrieved 25 July 2012.
  17. ISBN 978-81-903887-8-8
    . Retrieved 25 July 2012.
  18. ^ Prange, Sebastian R. Monsoon Islam: Trade and Faith on the Medieval Malabar Coast. Cambridge University Press, 2018. 98.
  19. ^ Pg 58, Cultural heritage of Kerala: an introduction, A. Sreedhara Menon, East-West Publications, 1978
  20. ^ Devassy, M. K. (1965). District Census Handbook (2) - Kozhikode (1961) (PDF). Ernakulam: Government of Kerala.
  21. ^ Mathew, Roy (15 May 2013). "Cabinet nod for 12 new taluks". The Hindu.
  22. ^ Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala. District Census Handbook, Malappuram (PDF). Thiruvananthapuram: Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala.
  23. ^ 1951 census handbook - Malabar district (PDF). Chennai: Government of Madras. 1953. p. 1.
  24. ^ "Department of Mining and Geology – Government of Kerala". Dmg.kerala.gov.in. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  25. ^ "Physical divisions of Malappuram" (PDF). censusindia.gov.in. pp. 21–22.
  26. ^ "ERANAD CEMENT". Eranadcement.com. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  27. ^ "Ernad". Archived from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
  28. ^ "Ernad Express, Kannur Intercity Express to conduct service partially today". Englisharchives.mathrubhumi.com. 30 August 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  29. ^ "Eranad Township Complex Private Limited Information - Eranad Township Complex Private Limited Company Profile, Eranad Township Complex Private Limited News on The Economic Times". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 8 May 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  30. ^ "Eranad Hallmarking Centre Private Limited Information - Eranad Hallmarking Centre Private Limited Company Profile, Eranad Hallmarking Centre Private Limited News on the Economic Times".
  31. ^ "Eranad Knowledge City, EKC, Engineering college, BTech, BAarch, BBA, Commerce and Science College, ekc Public School". Ekc.edu.in. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  32. ^ "Eranad Online". Eranad.com. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  33. ^ "Popular Now - Leading Travel Company in India and Maldives". Nailatravels.com. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  34. ^ "Eranad Admin". Eranad.in. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 27 June 2022.

Further reading

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