Erbium(III) chloride

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Erbium(III) chloride
Erbium(III) chloride hydrate photographed in sunlight
Names
IUPAC name
Erbium(III) chloride
Other names
Erbium trichloride
Identifiers
3D model (
JSmol
)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard
 100.030.337 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 233-385-0
UNII
  • InChI=1S/3ClH.Er/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3 checkY
    Key: HDGGAKOVUDZYES-UHFFFAOYSA-K checkY
  • InChI=1/3ClH.Er/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3
    Key: HDGGAKOVUDZYES-DFZHHIFOAE
  • Cl[Er](Cl)Cl
Properties
ErCl3 (anhydrous)
ErCl3·6H2O (hexahydrate)
Molar mass 273.62 g/mol (anhydrous)
381.71 g/mol (hexahydrate)
Appearance violet
hygroscopic
crystals (hexahydrate)
Density 4.1 g/cm3 (anhydrous)
Melting point 776 °C (1,429 °F; 1,049 K) (anhydrous)
decomposes (hexahydrate)
Boiling point 1,500 °C (2,730 °F; 1,770 K)
soluble in water (anhydrous)
slightly soluble in ethanol (hexahydrate)[1]
Structure[2]
monoclinic
C2/m, No. 12
a = 6.80 Å, b = 11.79 Å, c = 6.39 Å
α = 90°, β = 110.7°, γ = 90°
479 Å3
4
Related compounds
Other anions
 Erbium(III) oxide
Other cations
 Holmium(III) chloride, Thulium(III) chloride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Erbium(III) chloride is a violet solid with the formula ErCl3. It is used in the preparation of erbium metal.

Preparation

Erbium(III) chloride hydrate photographed under a fluorescent lamp

Anhydrous erbium(III) chloride can be produced by the

ammonium chloride route.[3][4][5] In the first step, erbium(III) oxide is heated with ammonium chloride
to produce the ammonium salt of the pentachloride:

Er2O3 + 10 [NH4]Cl → 2 [NH4]2ErCl5 + 6 H2O + 6 NH3

In the second step, the ammonium chloride salt is converted to the trichloride by heating in a vacuum at 350-400 °C:

[NH4]2ErCl5 → ErCl3 + 2 HCl + 2 NH3

Structural data

Erbium(III) chloride forms crystals of the

monoclinic crystals and the point group C2/m.[2]

Erbium(III) chloride hexahydrate also forms monoclinic crystals with the point group of P2/n (P2/c) - C42h. In this compound, erbium is octa-coordinated to form [Er(H2O)6Cl2]+ ions with the isolated Cl− completing the structure.[6]

Optical properties

Erbium(III) chloride solutions show a negative nonlinear absorption effect.[7][clarification needed]

Catalytic properties

The use of erbium(III) chloride as a

alcohols and phenols[8] and in an amine functionalisation of furfural.[9] It is a catalyst for Friedel–Crafts-type reactions, and can be used in place of cerium(III) chloride for Luche reductions.[10]

References

  1. ^ Lide, David R. (1998). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87 ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. pp. 4–57.
    ISBN 0-8493-0594-2
    .
  2. ^
    doi:10.1021/j150521a002
    .
  3. ^ Brauer, G., ed. (1963). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (2nd ed.). New York: Academic Press.
  4. ^ Meyer, G. (1989). "The Ammonium Chloride Route to Anhydrous Rare Earth Chlorides—The Example of Ycl 3". The Ammonium Chloride Route to Anhydrous Rare Earth Chlorides-The Example of YCl3. Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 25. pp. 146–150.
    ISBN 978-0-470-13256-2
    .
  5. ISBN 978-3-13-103021-4
    .
  6. doi:10.1107/S0365110X66004420
    .
  7. doi:10.1063/1.122450
    .
  8. doi:10.1071/CH06346
  9. ^ Synthesis of trans-4,5-Bis-dibenzylaminocyclopent-2-enone from Furfural Catalyzed by ErCl3·6H2O Mónica S. Estevão, Ricardo J. V. Martins, and Carlos A. M. Afonso Journal of Chemical Education 2017 94 (10), 1587-1589 {DOI|10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b00470}
  10. ISBN 978-0-471-93623-7
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