Erik Verlinde

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Erik Verlinde
Erik Verlinde in 2009
Born
Erik Peter Verlinde

(1962-01-21) 21 January 1962 (age 62)
NationalityDutch
Alma materUtrecht University
Known forVerlinde algebra
Matrix string theory
Entropic gravity
Emergent gravity
AwardsSpinoza Prize (2011)
Scientific career
FieldsTheoretical physics
Institutions
ThesisConformal field theory and its application to strings (1988)
Doctoral advisorBernard de Wit
Doctoral studentsMiranda Cheng

Erik Peter Verlinde (Dutch:

topological field theory, is named after him. His research deals with string theory, gravity,[1] black holes and cosmology. Currently,[2] he works at the Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of Amsterdam
.

At a symposium at the Dutch Spinoza-institute on December 8, 2009 he introduced a theory of

Newton's laws don't apply, but they do for apples and planets. You can compare this to the pressure of a gas. Molecules themselves don't have any pressure, but a barrel of gas has." It appears that Verlinde's approach to explaining gravity leads naturally to the correct observed strength of dark energy.[4]

Biography

Erik Verlinde was born in the Dutch village of Woudenberg on 21 January 1962, together with his identical twin brother, Herman Verlinde.[5] He went to school in the nearby city of Utrecht, where he graduated from the gymnasium in 1980.

That fall he began his studies in theoretical physics together with his brother at Utrecht University. There he studied with his brother Herman, Robbert Dijkgraaf, and Kareljan Schoutens. He wrote his Master's thesis with Nobel laureate Gerard 't Hooft.[5]

In 1985, Verlinde started work on his PhD at Utrecht University under the formal supervision of

Verlinde formula.[5][6][7]

After his PhD, Verlinde joined the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton as a postdoctoral fellow. In 1993, he was added to the permanent staff of the theory division of CERN in Geneva. At the age of 34 he was appointed full professor of theoretical physics at Utrecht University. Only a few years later, in 1999, he left for Princeton University to take up a professorial position there. In 2003, he returned to the Netherlands to become a professor in the string theory group led by Robbert Dijkgraaf at the University of Amsterdam.[5][6][7]

Major contributions

Verlinde's main field of research is string theory. Over the years he has introduced a number of results that have become important in the development of the theory, and in the study of pure mathematics.

Verlinde formula

Verlinde's PhD thesis was titled “Conformal Field Theory Applied to Strings”. In it he investigated

world sheet of fundamental strings. As part of the project he extended fusion or Verlinde algebras, describing conformal field theories with a finite number of fields.[8] A main result was an explicit formula for the fusion rules of these algebras, now known as the Verlinde formula. This has proven to be a highly non-trivial mathematical result. In Verlinde's original work, the formula followed from mainly physical arguments, but since its introduction many formal mathematical proofs have been provided.[9]

Cardy formula extensions

The

anti-de Sitter spaces with one additional dimension, it can be used to calculate (the quantum corrections to) the entropy of black holes in 2+1 dimensions. In 2000, Verlinde extended Cardy's result to conformal field theories of arbitrary dimension,[10][non-primary source needed
] allowing the calculation of entropy of black holes in any dimension.

Entropic gravity

In 2009, Verlinde showed that the laws of gravity may be derived by assuming a form of the holographic principle and the laws of thermodynamics.[11] This may imply that gravity is not a true fundamental force of nature (like e.g. electromagnetism), but instead is a consequence of the universe striving to maximize entropy.

Emergent gravity and the dark universe

On 8 November 2016 Erik Verlinde published his new theory of gravity, where gravity is not one of the four fundamental forces of physics but, rather, gravity is emergent from other fundamental forces.[1][12][13] In this work, he argues that unlike in anti-de Sitter (AdS) space, holography and the area law do not apply exactly in de Sitter space (which models our universe) because there is an additional entropy associated with the cosmological horizon. If this entropy were evenly distributed throughout space, it would contribute a volume law term to the entropy which becomes dominant at large length scales and is related to dark energy. He further argues that this entropy modifies emergent gravity, introducing residual forces when the acceleration due to gravity is very weak.[14] The result provides a candidate explanation for dark matter similar to the

Hubble constant. By Aug 1st 2018 the paper has been quoted in 153 physics papers, including by well-known physicists such as Lee Smolin, and Mordehai Milgrom
- originator of MOND. Explanation of modified gravity through entropic gravity is a "quantum gravity theory" merging "general theory of relativity" with "quantum field theory". Verlinde himself names it also quantum information theory. There are already critical papers on "emergent gravity" such as "Inconsistencies in Verlinde’s emergent gravity" by D Dai, D Stojkovic (Springer HEP, Nov 2017), stating that "...When properly done, Verlinde’s elaborate procedure recovers the standard Newtonian gravity instead of MOND".

Awards and honors

In June 2011, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) awarded Verlinde the Spinoza Prize, the highest award available to Dutch scientists including a 2.5 million euro grant for future research.[15] The committee cited his work on the Verlinde formula, the Witten–Dijkgraaf–Verlinde–Verlinde equations, the Cardy-Verlinde formula and entropic gravity as the major achievements leading to the award.

References

  1. ^ a b Ratner, Paul (14 August 2019). "Physicist advances a radical theory of gravity - Erik Verlinde has been compared to Einstein for completely rethinking the nature of gravity". Big Think. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
  2. ^ "University of Amsterdam homepage". 14 January 2020.
  3. ^ "De Volkskrant 27 January 2010" (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 11 November 2013. Retrieved 11 September 2011.
  4. ^ Koelman, Johannes. "It from bit: how to get rid of dark energy". Archived from the original on 19 January 2010. Retrieved 20 August 2011.
  5. ^ a b c d Verlinde, Erik. "Curriculum Vitae". Website of Erik Verlinde. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014.
  6. ^ a b "Erik Verlinde". NWO.
  7. ^ a b "Biografie Erik Verlinde". Quantum Universe.
  8. .
  9. .
  10. .
  11. .
  12. ^ Wolchover, Natalie (29 November 2016). "Erik Verlinde's Gravity Minus Dark Matter". Quanta Magazine. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
  13. ^ New theory of gravity might explain dark matter, E. P. Verlinde, 2016 Nov 8 Archived 11 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ Erik P. Verlinde, Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe, SciPost Phys. 2, 016 (2017)[1]
  15. ^ "NWO-Spinoza Laureates 2011". Archived from the original on 22 August 2011. Retrieved 20 August 2011.

External links