Ernest Augustus, Duke of York and Albany

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Ernest Augustus
Ernest Augustus, Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg
MotherSophia of the Palatinate

Ernest Augustus, Duke of York and Albany (17 September 1674 – 14 August 1728), was the younger brother of George I of Great Britain.[1] Ernest Augustus was a soldier and served with some distinction under Emperor Leopold I during the Nine Years' War and the War of the Spanish Succession. In 1715, he became Prince-Bishop of Osnabrück.

Early life

Ernest Augustus was born on 17 September 1674. He was the sixth son and seventh child of

Ernest Augustus, Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg, and Sophia of the Palatinate, and the youngest brother of the future George I of Great Britain.[2]

Ernest Augustus's father was Prince-Bishop of Osnabrück,[3] and the first five years of his life were spent in Osnabrück, until his father became Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and the family moved to Hanover.[2]

His education followed the customs of the time, by which German princes were expected to travel to foreign courts to make contacts and learn how to conduct diplomatic relations. In summer 1687, he visited the French court at Versailles via Amsterdam. While there, the two brothers were popular with the French royal family.[2]

Military career

Herrenhausen palace and gardens, Hanover

After his visit to France, he trod the well-worn path for young German princes of those times and served as a soldier. His family interests were aligned with those of

War of Spanish Succession and was actively engaged in the Siege of Lille (1708).[2]

After his father's death, his elder brother George inherited all his lands and titles, including the electorate. His father, as part of the conditions he had to fulfil to acquire an electorship, had adopted

Handel at the court.[2]

Dynastic role

The Bishop's Palace at Osnabrück (after 1777)

With his

accession to the British throne, George moved to London and Ernest Augustus took on the mantle of the senior head of the family in Brunswick-Lüneburg. In this capacity, he became regent in all but name, and took on the duty of care for George's seven-year-old grandson, Frederick Lewis, the future Prince of Wales and father-to-be of George III. Frederick was left in Germany as a diplomatic move, to reassure the populace and any ambitious neighbouring states of the family's continuing commitment to its German lands.[2]

Upon the death of

Maximilian William of Brunswick-Luneburg had become a Catholic, King George nominated Ernest Augustus to be elected by the Osnabrück cathedral chapter. The position was not just an honorific, and so Ernest Augustus had to divide his time between Schloss Osnabrück and the court at Herrenhausen.[2]

In 1716, Ernst visited England where, on 29 June 1716, he was created

OS), he was created a Knight of the Garter together with his grand-nephew Frederick, later Prince of Wales.[5][6]

Death

After his sojourn in Great Britain, Ernest Augustus returned to his previous life and continued to divide his time between Schloss Osnabrück and the court at Herrenhausen, while actively managing the affairs of both states. He died at Osnabrück on 14 August 1728 (

NS) and was buried there.[2]
One year earlier his brother George I had also died there on a journey. Believed to be
homosexual, Ernest Augustus never married.[7] Upon his death, his British and Irish peerages became extinct.[2]

Arms

Coat of arms of Ernest Augustus, Duke of York and Albany
Adopted
1716
Coronet
Coronet of a Child of the Sovereign
Crest
Coronet of a child of the Sovereign thereon a Lion statant guardant Or, langued Gules, crowned with the same coronet charged on the shoulder with a label as in the arms.
Escutcheon
Quarterly: 1st, Gules, three Lions passant guardant in pale Or, armed and langued Azure (England); Impaled with Or, a Lion rampant Gules within a Double-Tressure flory counter-flory Gules, armed and langued Azure (Scotland); 2nd, Azure, three Fleurs-de-lis Or (France); 3rd, Azure, a Harp Or stringed Argent (Ireland); 4th, tiercé reversed, i, Gules, two Lions passant Or, armed and langued Azure (Brunswick); ii, Or, semée of Hearts Gules, a Lion rampant Azure, armed and langued Gules (Lüneburg); iii, Gules, a Horse courant Argent (Westphalia), over all an Inescutcheon Argent, charged with a Wheel Gules (Osnabrück); the whole differenced by a label of three-points Argent, each point charged with three Hearts Gules.
Supporters
Dexter: a Lion rampant guardant Or, armed and langued Gules, with a coronet of rank Or, charged on the shoulder with a label for difference as in the arms. Sinister: a Unicorn Argent, armed, crined and unguled Or, langued Gules, gorged with a Coronet of rank, a chain affixed thereto passing between the forelegs and reflexed over the back Or, charged on the shoulder with a label for difference as in the arms.
Orders
Order of the Garter circlet (Appointed 3 July 1716)

Ancestors

Notes

  1. ^ These dates use the Gregorian calendar. In Britain his date of birth was 7 September 1674 and his date of death 3 August 1728.

    In this article "

    OS
    the Julian calendar with the start of the year adjusted to 1 January. Events on the European mainland are usually given using the Gregorian calendar, while events in Great Britain are usually given using the Julian calendar with the year adjusted to 1 January. Dates with no explicit Julian or Gregorian postscript will be using the same calendar as the last date with an explicit postscript.

  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Kilburn 2005.
  3. Treaty of Westphalia (1648) had stipulated that the bishopric of Osnabrück, a principality within the Holy Roman empire, should alternate between a Catholic prelate and a Protestant prince; the Protestant bishops were secular rulers rather than churchmen."(Kilburn 2005
    )
  4. ^ "These titles had previously been held by James II during the reign of his brother Charles II" (Kilburn 2005)
  5. ^ Vian 1889, p. 293.
  6. ^ Ernest Augustus and Frederick would have been knighted in August 1716, but was delayed until December and in the end it did not take place until 30 April 1718 when both were represented by proxies. (Kilburn 2005)
  7. ^ Campbell 2004, p. 281.

References

  • Campbell, Clarissa (2004). Queenship in Europe 1660–1815: The Role of the Consort. Cambridge University Press. p. 281. .
  • Kilburn, Matthew (May 2005) [2004]. "Ernest Augustus, Prince, duke of York and Albany (1674–1728)". required.)
  • Vian, Alsager Richard (1889). "Ernest Augustus (1674–1728)" . In Stephen, Leslie (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 17. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 393.

External links

Ernest Augustus, Duke of York and Albany
Cadet branch of the House of Welf
Born: 7 September 1674 Died: 14 August 1728
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Charles Joseph
Prince-Bishop of Osnabrück
1715–1728
Succeeded by
Clemens August