Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
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Ernest I | |
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Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (as Ernest I) | |
Reign | 12 November 1826 – 29 January 1844 |
Predecessor | Frederick IV |
Successor | Ernest II |
Born | Ernst Anton Karl Ludwig Prinz von Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld 2 January 1784 Coburg, Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Holy Roman Empire |
Died | 29 January 1844 Gotha, Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, German Confederation | (aged 60)
Burial | ] |
Spouses | Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (m. 1817; div. 1826) |
Issue |
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House |
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Father | Countess Augusta of Reuss-Ebersdorf |
Religion | Lutheranism |
Ernest I (German: Ernst Anton Karl Ludwig; 2 January 1784 – 29 January 1844) served as the last
Early life
Ernest was born on 2 January 1784. He was the eldest son of
On 10 May 1803, aged 19, Ernest was proclaimed an adult because his father had become gravely ill, and he was required to take part in the government of the duchy. When his father died in 1806, he succeeded in the duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld as Ernest III. However, he could not immediately take over the formal government of his lands, because the duchy was occupied by Napoleonic troops and was under French administration. The following year, after the
Marriages and children
Ernest married
- Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (21 June 1818 – 22 August 1893), who married Princess Alexandrine of Baden on 3 May 1842.
- Queen Victoria of the United Kingdomon 10 February 1840. They had nine children.
The marriage was unhappy because both husband and wife were
In Coburg on 23 December 1832, Ernest married his niece Duchess Marie of Württemberg, the daughter of his sister Antoinette. They had no children. This marriage made Marie both Prince Albert's first cousin and his stepmother.
Ernest had three illegitimate children:
- Berta Ernestine von Schauenstein (26 January 1817 – Coburg, 15 August 1896), born to Sophie Fermepin de Marteaux. She married her first cousin Eduard Edgar Schmidt-Löwe von Löwenfels, the illegitimate son of her father's sister, Juliane.
- Ernst Albert and Robert Ferdinand, twins born in 1838 to Margaretha Braun. They were created Freiherren von Bruneck in 1856.
Estates
After 1813, Ernest was a Prussian general and participated in military actions against Napoleon. He fought in the battles of Lützen and Leipzig (1813), and drew in 1814 into the French fortress of Mainz.[1] After the battle of Leipzig, he commanded the 5. Armeekorps.[3]: 106
After the defeat of Napoleon in the
In 1825,
At Coburg, Ernest was responsible for various construction projects, including the establishment of the Hoftheater in its new building. The Schlossplatz as it appears today is largely due to work under his rule.[3]: 107 He is chiefly remembered for the economic, educational and constitutional development of his territories, and for the significant international position attained by the house of Coburg.[1]
Death and burial
Ernest died on 29 January 1844 and was initially buried in the Morizkirche but later reinterred in the newly built mausoleum in Friedhof am Glockenberg .[3]: 47
Honours
He received the following awards:[4]
- Russian Empire:
- Gold Sword for Bravery, in Diamonds, June 1807[5]
- Knight of St. George, 4th Class, 9 September 1813[6]
- Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky, in Diamonds, 1813[5]
- Knight of St. Andrew
- Knight of St. Anna, 1st Class
- Kingdom of Saxony:[7]
- Knight of the Rue Crown, 1810
- Grand Cross of the Military Order of St. Henry, 1815
- Grand Cross of the Royal Hungarian Order of St. Stephen, 1820[8]
- Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach: Grand Cross of the White Falcon, 6 January 1828[9]
- Ernestine duchies:
- Joint Founder and Grand Master of the Saxe-Ernestine House Order, 25 December 1833[10]
- Grand Master of Order of Saint Joachim
- Belgium: Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold, 15 July 1835[11]
- Kingdom of Portugal:[12]
- Grand Cross of the Tower and Sword, 9 December 1835
- Grand Cross of the Royal Military Order of Our Lord Jesus Christ, 23 April 1836
- United Kingdom: Stranger Knight of the Garter, 16 July 1838[13]
- Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour, May 1840[14]
- Baden:[15]
- Knight of the House Order of Fidelity, 1842
- Grand Cross of the Zähringer Lion, 1842
- Kingdom of Prussia:
Ancestry
Ancestors of Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha |
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References
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (November 2019) |
- ^ a b c d e Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 751.
- ^ Strachey, Lytton (1921). Queen Victoria. London: Chatto and Windus. pp. 97–98
- ^ a b c d Klüglein, Norbert (1991). Coburg Stadt und Land (German). Verkehrsverein Coburg.
- ^ Staatshandbücher für das Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha (1843), "Genealogie des Herzoglichen Hauses" pp. xxiii-xxiv
- ^ a b A.A. Podmazo, ed. (1996). "Словарь русских генералов, участников боевых действий против армии Наполеона Бонапарта в 1812—1815 гг" [Russian generals and participants in the hostilities against the army of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1812-1815.]. The History of the Fatherland in the Evidence and Documents of the XVIII — XX Centuries (in Russian). 7. Russian archives: 548.
- ^ Almanach de la cour: pour l'année ... 1817. l'Académie Imp. des Sciences. 1817. p. 137.
- ^ Staatshandbuch für den Freistaat Sachsen: 1843. Heinrich. 1843. pp. 3, 5.
- ^ "A Szent István Rend tagjai" Archived 22 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1843), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 7
- ^ Staatshandbücher ... Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha (1837), "Herzogliche Sachsen-Ernestinischer Hausorden" p. 10
- ^ H. Tarlier (1854). Almanach royal officiel, publié, exécution d'un arrête du roi (in French). Vol. 1. p. 37.
- ^ Bragança, Jose Vicente de (2014). "Agraciamentos Portugueses Aos Príncipes da Casa Saxe-Coburgo-Gota" [Portuguese Honours awarded to Princes of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]. Pro Phalaris (in Portuguese). 9–10: 6–7. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- ^ Shaw, Wm. A. (1906) The Knights of England, I, London, p. 55
- ISBN 978-2-35077-135-9.
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1843), "Großherzogliche Orden" pp. 31, 46
- August Beck: Ernst I.: Herzog Ernst Anton Karl Ludwig von Sachsen-Koburg-Gotha. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 6, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1877, p. 313–317.
- Carl-Christian Dressel: Die Entwicklung von Verfassung und Verwaltung in Sachsen-Coburg 1800–1826 im Vergleich. Duncker & Humblot Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-428-12003-1.
- Friedrich Knorr: Ernst I., Herzog von Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld. In: Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB). Band 4, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1959, ISBN 3-428-00185-0, pp. 620.
- Heide Schulz: Freue Dich, Coburg. Die Ode H. C. A. Eichstädts zum Royal Wedding 1840, in: Coburger Geschichtsblätter 20, 2012, p. 25–54, ISSN 0947-0336.