Ernest Withers

Ernest C. Withers (August 7, 1922 – October 15, 2007) was an African-American

Withers's work has been archived by the Library of Congress and has been slated for the permanent collection of the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of African American History and Culture, in Washington, D.C.^[1]

Early life

Ernest C. Withers was born in Memphis, Tennessee, to Arthur Withers and Pearl Withers of Marshall County, Mississippi; he had a step-mother known as Mrs. Minnie Withers. Withers exhibited interest in photography from a young age. He took his first photograph in high school after his sister gave him a camera she received from a classmate. He met his wife Dorothy Curry of Brownsville, Tennessee (they remained married for 66 years), at Manassas High School in Memphis, Tennessee.

During World War II, he received training at the Army School of Photography. After the war, Withers served as one of Memphis' first African-American police officers.^[3]

Personal life

Withers and his wife Dorothy had eight children together (seven boys and one girl, Rosalind Withers). He also had a second daughter from Memphis, Tennessee, named Frances Williams. All of his sons accompanied him as apprentice photographers at different points in his career, including Ernest, Jr., Perry O., Clarence (Joshua), E., Wendell J., Dedrick (Teddy) J., Dyral L., and Andrew (Rome).^[4] His business was called Withers Photography Studio.

Withers enjoyed traveling, visiting family members and entertaining guests at his home, including

Withers served as official photographer for Stax Records for 20 years.^[1]

Between 1 million and 5 million images are estimated to have been taken during Withers's career, with current efforts in progress for preservation and digitization.^[1]

Death

In 2007, Withers died from the complications of a

In 2013, the FBI released documents relating to Withers in response to a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request by a Memphis newspaper, The Commercial Appeal.^[6]

The FBI documents start in 1946 with the FBI investigating Withers as a possible

ME 338-R was referenced as an "informant" for two years, 1968 through the final report in 1970, with 19 reports that include some reference to the informant. A total of 10 pictures were provided by the informant in the released documents.[8]

A 1968 document contains the first reference to an informant, ME 338-R,^[9] a reference to Withers and inferred by the FBI's responses to FOIA court actions. ME 338-R was questioned and queried for general information, and provided a total of approximately 10 photographs alongside brief descriptions of publicly known meetings and events. There is limited specific information, commonly relating to a militant group named the Invaders. ME 338-R recorded the violence and connections of the Invaders including a leaflet on the manufacturing of firebombs, and links to prostitution.^[10][11]

Withers died years before the FOIA request was made. At the 2000 Withers exhibition at the Chrysler Museum of Art in Norfolk, Virginia, Withers said he had FBI agents regularly looking over his shoulder and questioning him. "I never tried to learn any high powered secrets," Withers said. "It would have just been trouble.…[The FBI] was pampering me to catch whatever leaks I dropped, so I stayed out of meetings where decisions were being made".^[12]

Civil rights leader Andrew Young commented after the release of the FBI file: "The movement was transparent and didn't have anything to hide anyway".^[13]

A later book authored by Preston Lauterbauch discussed Withers brief encounter with the FBI, and explained that he likely saw the federal government, and thus the FBI, as protection at that moment for the civil rights movement, as the FBI had helped the movement in Memphis in a voting discrimination case, which Withers covered through photography. It was also the federal government that deployed the National Guard to protect the Little Rock Nine, which was also photographed and witnessed by Withers.

A member of the Invaders, John B. Smith, to which Withers was apparently provided information, harshly criticized the initial reporting on Withers' FBI ties and remarked, "I think he deserves a statue somewhere".^[14]

Ernest Withers Museum and Collection

The Ernest Withers Museum and Collection opened in Memphis, Tennessee, on Beale Street in May 2011.^[1] The Museum features images of Ernest Withers spanning the eras of his work, while the complete archive is held in an offsite location. The Withers Museum and Collection is approximately 7,000 square feet.^[1]

Publications

• Worley, William (1998). Beale Street: Crossroads of America's Music. Addax Pub Group Inc.
  ISBN 978-1-886110-18-2
  .
• Withers, Ernest (2000). Pictures Tell the Story : Ernest C. Withers Reflections in History. Chrysler Museum of Art.
  ISBN 978-0-940744-68-4
  .
• Withers, Ernest (2001). The Memphis Blues Again: Six Decades of Memphis Music Photographs. Studio.
  ISBN 978-0-670-03031-6
  .
• Withers, Ernest (2005). Negro League Baseball. Harry N. Abrams.
  ISBN 978-0-8109-5585-1
  .
• Withers, Ernest (2019). Ernest Withers and the FBI: The Confidential Informant Files, Volume One. Clear Lens Publishing.
  ISBN 978-1-7939-3124-5
  .
• Withers, Ernest (2020). Bluff City: The Secret Life of Photographer Ernest Withers. W. W. Norton & Company.
  ISBN 978-0-393358-08-7
  .

• List of photographers of the civil rights movement

References

External links

• "Withers Collection Museum and Gallery" - Official Withers Collection Museum and Gallery Website
• Obituary in The Times, October 27, 2007
• "FBI, not Ernest Withers, was out to get MLK" - Op-ed by USA Today
• "Civil Rights Photographer Recast As FBI Informant" - slideshow by NPR
• Tri State Defender, September 2010 edition, front page.