Erotica (song)
"Erotica" | ||||
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Single by Madonna | ||||
from the album Erotica | ||||
Released | September 29, 1992 | |||
Recorded | June 8, 1992 | |||
Studio | Soundworks (New York) | |||
Genre | ||||
Length | 5:20 | |||
Label | ||||
Songwriter(s) |
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Producer(s) |
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Madonna singles chronology | ||||
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Music video | ||||
"Erotica" on YouTube |
"Erotica" is a song by American singer Madonna from her fifth studio album of the same name (1992). It was written and produced by both Madonna and Shep Pettibone, with additional writing from Anthony Shimkin. In Australia and most European countries, the song was released as the album's lead single on September 29, 1992; in the United States, it was set to be released the following day, but after being leaked and played on several radio stations, the release date was held back until October 13. The song continued Madonna's exploration of spoken word vocals, which she had introduced in "Justify My Love" (1990). A pop hip-hop and dance song with Middle Eastern influences, its lyrics talk about sadomasochism, with the singer using the alter ego Dita and inviting her lover to be submissive while she makes love to him.
Upon release, "Erotica" was generally well received by
The accompanying music video was directed by Fabien Baron, and features scenes of Madonna dressed as a masked dominatrix interspersed with footage of the making of her Sex book; it is combined with appearances by Naomi Campbell and Isabella Rossellini, among others. The video was highly controversial, being aired by MTV only three times, all after the 10pm watershed, before being completely banned. Madonna has included "Erotica"on four of her concert tours, the most recent being the Celebration Tour of 2023—24. It was also included on Madonna's compilations, GHV2 (2001), and Celebration (2009), and has been covered and parodied by several artists, including Julie Brown and Sandra Bernhard.
Background and development
In 1992, Madonna founded her own multi-media entertainment company
At first, the singer did not like the songs she had recorded. She wanted Erotica to have a raw edge, as if it were recorded in an alley in
Composition and release
"Erotica" was written and produced by both Madonna and Pettibone, with additional lyrics by Shimkin.
Musically, "Erotica" has been described as a
In Australia and most European countries, "Erotica" was released as the album's lead single on September 29, 1992.[23][24][25][26] In the United States, the planned release date was September 30, but five days prior, several radio stations were already playing the song.[27] According to Billboard, on September 25, Don Stevens from CFTR Toronto had obtained a copy of the single and played it at 10:30 a.m., before getting a cease and desist by Warner Bros. Stevens then accused the label of leaking the single to "benefit from the accompanying publicity", which was denied by Warner Music Canada VP Kim Cooke.[27] In Los Angeles, both KIIS-FM and Power 106 played the song once, but stopped at "the request" of the label.[27] Open House Party aired the single at night on September 26 and 27, via 150 affiliates.[27] "Erotica" was officially released in the US on October 13, 1992.[28] The single was included on Madonna's compilation albums GHV2 (2001) and Celebration (2009), while a remixed form can be found on Finally Enough Love: 50 Number Ones (2022).[29][30][31]
Critical reception
"['Erotica'] has an aural allure all its own, setting your dirtiest fantasies to a grimy groove. Going from sultry spoken word in the verses to a postcoital purr in the chorus, it’s the sound of sex — and sleaze — with Madonna introducing herself as Mistress Dita long before there was a Madame X. Hinting at the sonic adventurism that was to come on Ray of Light, it was about the boldest move she could have made at the height of her career".
—Chuck Arnold commenting on the song on Billboard's review of the Erotica album on its 30th anniversary.[32]
Upon release, "Erotica" was generally well received by music critics. For Billboard, Larry Flick referred to it as a "sensual slice of aural sex" that "twists the vibe of 'Justify My Love'", and highlighted the "deep and complex" arrangement.[14] From the same magazine, Joe Lynch named the song a "bold sonic departure" for the singer.[7] Writing for AllMusic, Jose F. Promis classified it as one of the "darkest, most sinister, and most interesting" singles in her catalog.[33] Rolling Stone's Arion Berger wrote that, unlike "Justify My Love", which gathered its "heat from privacy and romance", "[The Madonna of] 'Erotica' is in no way interested in your dreams [...] [the song] demands the passivity of a listener, not a sexual partner".[21] Berger concluded his review by referring to "Erotica" as "insistently self-absorbed — 'Vogue' with a dirty mouth, where all the real action’s on the dance floor".[21] Slant Magazine's Sal Cinquemani deemed it "brilliant".[3] J. Randy Taraborrelli, author of Madonna: An Intimate Biography, pointed out that "['Erotica'] wasn't a surprise for anyone who had been paying attention to [Madonna's] recent music. She had shown her hand earlier with Breathless when she sang 'Hanky Panky', the song about spanking [...] then there was her single 'Justify My Love' [...] 'Erotica' though, was the full-blown music exploration, an exhibition, of what we were to believe was Madonna's sexual reality."[34] The New York Times' Stephen Holden praised the singer's "foggy growl [that] contrasts dramatically with the shrill little-kid voice from [her] earliest records".[19] For Gavin Martin from The Seattle Times, the singer's voice "sounds as though it's coming from somewhere dark and menacing: as far as you can tell it sounds like a man".[35]
Allen Metz and Carol Benson, authors of The Madonna Companion: Two Decades of Commentary, said the track was "a bondage update on 'Justify My Love'".[36] Similarly, while reviewing GHV2, Cinquemani called it a sequel to "Justify My Love", that is "as distantly icy as it was erotic", and a "creative high for a career on the verge of public turmoil".[29] At Blender, Tony Powers considered the song one of the album's standout tracks.[37] In less favorable comments, Anthony Violanti from The Buffalo News said the track was the album's weakest, and dismissed it as a "carbon copy" of "Justify My Love".[38] Cashbox's Randy Clark said that, musically, the single did not offer anything new, and called it a "melody-less 'Vogue'".[39] Charlotte Robinson of PopMatters was also negative on her review; she felt the song did not age well, and referred to it as a "cold, dispassionate sexual fantasy" with "adolescent" lyrics intended to shock.[40] Jude Rogers, writing for The Guardian, opined "Erotica" is an "oddly sexless Sex-era single, not helped by awkward synthesised sighs".[41] Finally, Entertainment Weekly's David Browne panned it as "depressingly trite [...] between its frigid melody and your scary 'My name is Dita' spoken bits, it’s about as sexy as an episode of the Shelley Hack-era Charlie's Angels".[42]
Retrospective reviews have been positive. In 2011, Slant Magazine placed the song at number 34 on their list of "The 100 Best Singles of the 1990s"; Ed Gonzalez praised Madonna's "throaty" vocals for making the song's "taunting, aggressive lyrics —an elaborate exploration of sex, from seduction to disease— feel unmistakably honest".
Commercial performance
On October 17, 1992, "Erotica" debuted at number 13 on the
In the United Kingdom, "Erotica" debuted at the 11th position of the UK Singles Chart on October 17, 1992, and, 2 weeks later, peaked at number 3; it spent 9 weeks on the chart overall.[67] According to Music Week magazine, 270,800 copies of the single have been sold in the UK as of 2008.[68] In Australia, "Erotica" entered the ARIA Singles Chart at number 16 on the week of October 25, 1992, eventually peaking at 4 and lasting 11 weeks on the chart.[23] The Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) certified it Gold for shipments of over 35,000 copies in Australia.[69] In New Zealand, the song debuted at number eight the week of November 1, 1992 and, a week later, reached its peak of number three.[70] "Erotica" saw success across Europe as well; it reached the top three in Norway,[71] Portugal,[72] and Sweden.[73] It topped the charts of Finland, Greece and Italy,[74][75] and reached the top 10 in Belgium,[24] Denmark,[72] Ireland,[76] the Netherlands, and Spain.[77][78][79] The single was less successful in Austria and France, peaking at numbers 15 and 23, respectively.[23][25] "Erotica" reached the first position of both the European Hot 100 Singles chart and the European Dance Radio Chart.[80][81]
Music video
Background and broadcast
The music video for "Erotica" was shot in August 1992 and directed by fashion photographer
"In the video, [Madonna] becomes Dita Parlo, a masked, gold-toothed dominatrix from an indeterminate age, ready to help us cross the street at the corner of Pleasure and Pain [...] assuming different dominatrix roles and investigating assorted bondage scenarios before finishing up with some nude hitchhiking on a street remarkable free of pile-ups. Shot in grainy black and white, 'Erotica' has the feel of a stag film, though its quick cuts keep the viewer from seeing all that much".[92]
The video had its world premiere on MTV, on midnight October 2, 1992;[93] following a "mercifully short" lecture on BDSM, host Kurt Loder explained that because some people may find the video's content "repellent", it would only be shown at night and not in regular rotation.[13] "Erotica" was shown a total of three times on MTV, all three after midnight, before being completely retired from airing; it became Madonna's second video to be banned by the channel, following "Justify My Love".[94][95] MTV spokesperson Carole Robinson said that the video would never air in its entirety during days or evenings, but selected parts would air on afternoon dance show The Grind;[96][93] also from the channel, Linda Alexander explained that the video's themes were "clearly aimed at a more adult audience", lacking appropriateness for the general public.[94] Madonna herself said she understood the channel's ban, as "[MTV] plays to a huge audience and a lot of them are children, and a lot of themes I'm exploring in my videos aren't meant for children, so I understand that they say I can't show it".[34]
Other networks such as NBC and the Times Square screens also refused to air the visual after finding its content "too racy"; Pearl Liebermen, a producer of NBC's Friday Night Videos, found "Erotica" to be "very stimulating", and said that although the network would not air the video, they would report on it.[94][96] One of the few networks that aired the video was The Box, where it became the number-one music video; the channel's president Vincent Monsey found the clip to be "very well-produced" and did not see any problem with it.[93][96] On October 19, 1992, MTV began airing the video on its entirety again after midnight, this time with a disclaimer warning viewers of the sexually explicit themes.[93] "Erotica" can be found on Madonna's 2009 compilation Celebration: The Video Collection.[30]
Reception and analysis
Initial reaction to the music video ranged from mixed to negative; Rolling Stone's
In Justify My Love: Sex, Subversion, and Music Video (2019),
Live performances
"Erotica" has been included on four of Madonna's concert tours: The Girlie Show (1993), Confessions (2006), MDNA (2012), and Celebration (2023–2024). On the first one, it was performed as opening number, beginning with a topless dancer sliding down a pole dangling high above the stage;[20] then, Madonna emerged dressed as a short-haired dominatrix, wearing a domino mask, sequined black hotpants and bra, long gloves, knee-high boots, and brandishing a riding crop.[107] She rubbed the crop between her legs as she sang, while dancers posed and danced suggestively in the background.[20] On his review of the concert in New York's Madison Square Garden, Jon Pareles from The New York Times pointed out that, "[during] the ethereal Put your hands all over my body in 'Erotica', [the choreography] suggests exercises rather than unbridled passion".[108] The performance recorded on November 19, 1993, at the Sydney Cricket Ground, was included on The Girlie Show: Live Down Under home video release (1994).[109]
For 2006's Confessions Tour, "Erotica" was used on an introduction video that led to "
"The Erotic Candy Shop", a medley of "Erotica" and "Candy Shop"―from Hard Candy (2008)―was included on the MDNA Tour of 2012.[115] Madonna sang as a male dancer groped her.[116] The Jerusalem Post's Niv Elis highlighted the performance, which he felt showcased the singer "at her visual best";[117] on the contrary, Emrah Güler from the Hürriyet Daily News said it was one number that "could have been left out".[118] The performances at the November 19–20 shows in Miami were recorded and released in the MDNA World Tour live album (2013).[119]
Four 2023–2024's the Celebration Tour, "Erotica" was given a boxing theme. The stage had a ring crafted from lasers, while Madonna―who donned a slip dress underneath a boxing robe―cavorted around shirtless dancers wearing glittery gloves.[120][121][122] The performance ended with the singer masturbating on a red velvet, flanked by a drag queen dressed in the Jean Paul Gaultier-designed gold corset from 1990's Blond Ambition World Tour.[121] From the BBC News, Mark Savage saw the number as "a reminder of her tumultuous relationships", as the backdrop screens depicted Madonna's current boyfriend, boxing coach Josh Popper.[123]
Other versions and usage in media
The Sex book, the single and its music video, have been parodied several times: in the October 1992 edition of Paper, actress Ann Magnuson said she was going to release a Sex book to accompany her album, Neurotica; "Neurotica" was also the name used to spoof the song and its video on the Fox sketch comedy series In Living Color.[124] In The Edge, also from Fox, Julie Brown―who had previously parodied Madonna's 1991 film Truth or Dare―played the singer discussing Sex on a talk show, and did a spoof of the "Erotica" video;[124][125] when Sandra Bernhard brought her stand-up show Giving Til It Hurts to New York, she did a short spoof of the song, also called "Neurotica", about a woman who obsessively cleans her house.[124] The Village Voice columnist Michael Musto recreated the nude hitchhiking scene from the Sex book and the "Erotica" music video on the streets of Jersey City; the newspaper sold the posters of the photo for $5-profits, which went to New York's Community Research Initiative on AIDS.[124]
Covers by Pornoland and Razed in Black were included in the 2000
Track listing and formats
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|
Credits and personnel
Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes.[9]
- Madonna – lead vocals, songwriter, producer
- Shep Pettibone – songwriter, producer, sequencing, keyboard, programming
- Anthony Shimkin – songwriter, sequencing, keyboards, programming
- Joe Moskowitz – keyboard
- Dennis Mitchell – recording engineer
- Robin Hancock – recording engineer
- George Karras – mixing engineer
Charts
Weekly charts
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Year-end charts
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Certifications and sales
Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
---|---|---|
Australia (ARIA)[69] | Gold | 35,000^ |
United Kingdom | — | 270,800[68] |
United States (RIAA)[59] | Gold | 500,000^ |
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |
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{{cite AV media notes}}
: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ Erotica (European Cassette Single liner notes). Madonna. Maverick Records. 1992. 9-18681-7.
{{cite AV media notes}}
: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ Erotica (US Maxi-Single liner notes). Madonna. Maverick Records. 1992. 9-40585-2.
{{cite AV media notes}}
: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ Erotica (Japan CD Single liner notes). Madonna. Maverick Records. 1992. 10019-6098.
{{cite AV media notes}}
: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ "Erotica – Madonna". Apple Music. September 29, 1992. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
- ^ Erotica (UK Vinyl). Madonna. Maverick Records. 1992. 9-404835-2.
{{cite AV media notes}}
: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ Erotica (US Cassette Maxi-Single liner notes). Madonna. Maverick Records. 1992. 9-40585-4.
{{cite AV media notes}}
: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ Erotica (European Maxi-Single liner notes). Madonna. Maverick Records. 1992. 9362-40657-2.
{{cite AV media notes}}
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External links
- Media related to Erotica (song) at Wikimedia Commons
- "Erotica" at Discogs (list of releases)