Es ist ein Ros entsprungen
"Es ist ein Ros entsprungen" | |
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German Christmas hymn by Anonymous | |
Genre | Hymn |
Occasion | Christmas |
Text | Unknown author |
Language | German |
"Es ist ein Ros entsprungen" (
The hymn has its roots in an unknown author before the 17th century. It first appeared in print in 1599 and has since been published with a varying number of verses and in several translations. It is most commonly sung to a melody harmonized by the German composer Michael Praetorius in 1609.[1] The hymn's popularity endures in the 20th and 21st centuries.[2]
Meaning
The hymn was originally written with two verses that describe the fulfilment of the prophecy of
And there shall come forth a rod out of the stem of Jesse, and a Branch shall grow out of his roots.
The second verse of the hymn, written in the first person, then explains to the listener the meaning of this symbolism: That Mary, the mother of Jesus, is the rose that has sprung up to bring forth the Christ child, represented as a small flower ("das Blümlein"). The German text affirms that Mary is a "pure maiden" ("die reine Magd"), emphasizing the doctrine of the Virgin birth of Jesus.[citation needed] In Theodore Baker's 1894 English translation, on the other hand, the second verse indicates that the rose symbolizes the infant Christ.[4]
Since the 19th century, other verses have been added, both in German and in translation.[citation needed]
History
The poetry of Isaiah's prophecy has featured in Christian hymns since at least the 8th century, when Cosmas the Melodist wrote a hymn about the Virgin Mary flowering from the Root of Jesse, "Ραβδος εκ της ριζης", translated in 1862 by John Mason Neale as "Rod of the Root of Jesse".[5][6]
The text of "Es ist ein Ros entsprungen" dates from the 15th century. Its author is unknown. Its earliest source is in a manuscript from the
The tune generally used for the hymn originally appeared in the Speyer Hymnal (printed in Cologne in 1599), and the familiar harmonization was written by German composer Michael Praetorius in 1609.[7] A canon version for four voices also exists, based on Praetorius's harmony and sometimes attributed to his contemporary, Melchior Vulpius.[12] The metre of the hymn is 76.76.676.
In 1896, Johannes Brahms used the hymn's tune as the base for a chorale prelude for organ, one of his Eleven Chorale Preludes Op. 122, later transcribed for orchestra by Erich Leinsdorf.[13][14][15]
During the
The hymn's melody has been used by a number of composers, including
English translations
Well-known versions of the hymn have been published in various English translations.
The British hymn translator Catherine Winkworth translated the first two verses of the hymn as "A Spotless Rose".[20] In 1919 the British composer Herbert Howells set this text as a motet for SATB choir.[7] Howells stated that:
I sat down and wrote A Spotless Rose...after idly watching some shunting from the window of a cottage in Gloucester which overlooked the Midland Railway. In an upstairs room I looked out on iron railings and the main Bristol to Gloucester railway line, with shunting trucks bumping and banging. I wrote it and dedicated to my mother – it always moves me when I hear it, just as if it were written by someone else.[21]
Howells' carol is
A further English translation of the hymn, "Behold, a rose is growing", was written by the American Lutheran musician and writer, Harriet Reynolds Krauth Spaeth (1845–1925). Her four-verse version is often published with an additional 5th verse, translated by the American theologian John Caspar Mattes (1876–1948).[25][26]
Another Christmas hymn, "A Great and Mighty Wonder", is set to the same tune as this carol and may sometimes be confused with it. It is, however, a hymn by St. Germanus, (Μέγα καὶ παράδοξον θαῦμα), translated from Greek to English by John M. Neale in 1862. Versions of the German lyrics have been mixed with Neale's translation of a Greek hymn in subsequent versions such as Percy Dearmer's version in the 1931 Songs of Praise collection and Carols for Choirs (1961).[27]
Lyrics
German original | Baker's version | Winkworth's version[20] | Spaeth's translation with Mattes' 5th verse |
---|---|---|---|
Es ist ein Ros entsprungen,[a] |
Lo, how a rose e'er blooming, |
A Spotless Rose is blowing, |
Behold, a Branch is growing |
Das Röslein, das ich meine,[a] |
Isaiah 'twas foretold it, Mary we behold it,The virgin mother kind; To show God's love aright, She bore to men a Savior, When half spent was the night. |
The Rose which I am singing, |
Isaiah hath foretold it |
The shepherds heard the story, | |||
Das Blümelein, so kleine,[b] |
O Flower, whose fragrance tender |
This Flow'r whose fragrance tender | |
Lob, Ehr sei Gott dem Vater,[b] |
|||
O Jesu, bis zum Scheiden[b] |
O Saviour, Child of Mary, |
Music
See also
References
- ^ ISBN 9780739036600. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
- ^ Meyer, Robinson (25 December 2015). "'Lo, How a Rose E'er Blooming' Is a Musician's Christmas Carol". The Atlantic.
- ISBN 9780199997145. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
- ^ ISBN 9780802498854– via Google Books.
- CiteSeerX 10.1.1.693.1215.
- ^ ISBN 9780898693744. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
- ^ a b c "Lo How A Rose Eer Blooming – Notes". hymnsandcarolsofchristmas.com. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
- ISBN 978-3-525-50323-2. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
- ^ Publishing, Alojado. "Lied Es ist ein Ros' entsprungen". lieder-archiv.de (in German). Retrieved 17 December 2020.
- ^ "Gotteslob Online". gotteslob.katholisch.de. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
- Swiss Reformed Churchhymnal), no. 399
- ^ "Stile Antico" (PDF). The Friends of Chamber Music. the friends of chamber music endowment early music series. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
- ^ 11 Chorale Preludes, Op. 122 (Brahms): Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
- ISBN 9780195311075. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
- ^ Bloom, Julius (1946). The Year in American Music: 1946–1947. Allen, Towne & Heath. p. 497. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
- ^ Schwind, Elisabeth (23 December 2016). "Lieb aus deinem göttlichen Mund". Südkurier (in German). Retrieved 29 November 2017.
- ISBN 9780198038405. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
- ^ "Psalter Hymnal (Gray) 351. Lo, how a rose e'er blooming". hymnary.org. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
- ^ ""Es ist ein Ros entsprungen" – A German Christmas Carol in German and English". www.german-way.com. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-598-64823-5. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
- ^ Palmer, Christopher (1978). Herbert Howells: a study. p. 16.
- ^ a b Phillip Cooke. "On Herbert Howells's 'A Spotless Rose'..." phillipcooke.com. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
- ^ Spicer, Paul (1998). Herbert Howells. p. 67.
- ^ "Sir Philip Ledger". sirphilipledger.com. Archived from the original on 14 April 2011. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
- ^ "Behold, a Branch is Growing". Hymnary.org. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
- ISBN 978-0-944529-18-8.
- ^ "A Great and Mighty Wonder". Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 2011-12-09.
- ^ "A. Es ist ein Ros entsprungen (Ältester Druck Speyer 1599)", Historisch-Kritisches Liederlexikon
External links
- Media related to Es ist ein Ros entsprungen at Wikimedia Commons
- List of all verses in German, from The Hymns and Carols of Christmas
- Free sheet music of "Lo, How a Rose E'er Blooming" for SATB, Cantorion.org
- "Es ist ein Ros entsprungen" (Praetorius): Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
- "Es ist ein Ros entsprungen" (Vulpius): Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
- MP3 of Sissel Kyrkjebø singing at a 2005 Christmas concert in Moscow, Internet Archive