Quito School

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(Redirected from
Escuela Quiteña
)
La Virgen alada del Apocalípsis ("Winged Virgin of the Apocalypse") by Miguel de Santiago, 17th century.
Museum of the Americas
.

The Quito School (Escuela Quiteña) is a

Caspicara".[4]

Origins

The Quito School originated in the school of Artes y Oficios, founded in 1552 by the Franciscan priest Jodoco Ricke, who together with Friar Pedro Bedón transformed the San Andrés seminary, where the first indigenous artists were trained. As a cultural expression, it is the result of a long process of acculturation between indigenous peoples and Europeans, and it is one of the richest expressions of miscegenation (mestizaje) and of syncretism, in which the participation of the vanquished Indian is seemingly of minor importance as compared to the dominant European contribution.[5]

Characteristics

As a product of cultural

Moorish
influences.

One of the common characteristics of the school is the technique of encarnado ("flesh-colored") — the simulation of the color of the flesh of the (European) human body — that makes the skin of sculptures appear more natural. Once the piece was perfectly cut and sanded, an artisan covered the wood with several layers of gesso with glue. Each layer was highly polished to achieve a perfectly smooth finish. Next, color was applied in various transparent layers, allowing an optical mix of overlapping colors. This began with the colors of shadows (blue, green, ocher), then light colors were applied (white, pink, yellow). and finally highlight colors were added (orange and red to cheeks, knees, and elbows of children; and dark blue, green, and violet for wounds and bruises of Christ or for stubble on a beardless figure).

Other typical characteristics include:

The features indicating its indigenous roots include:

  • "Quiteñization" of characters, with mixed traits and local costumes
  • Frequent appearance of ancestral indigenous customs
  • Location of the scenes within the Andean countryside or cities
  • Presence of local flora and fauna, and the substitution of local plants for traditional European iconography

Notable artists

Painters

Sculptors

  • “Winged Virgin of the Apocalypse” by Miguel de Santiago.
    “Winged Virgin of the Apocalypse” by Miguel de Santiago.
  • Virgin of Quito” by Bernardo de Legarda. The wooden sculpture follows the theme of the Woman of the Apocalypse.
    Virgin of Quito” by Bernardo de Legarda. The wooden sculpture follows the theme of the Woman of the Apocalypse.
  • Close-up view of “St. Joseph's Workshop” by Manuel de Samaniego. Oil on canvas, 51 x 69.4 cm, 18th century. Quito, Ecuador. MUNA.[6]
    Close-up view of “St. Joseph's Workshop” by Manuel de Samaniego. Oil on canvas, 51 x 69.4 cm, 18th century. Quito, Ecuador. MUNA.[6]
  • “Procession during the time of drought” from the painting series “The Virgin of Guápulo's miracles” (1699-1706) by Miguel de Santiago. Oil on canvas, 137 x 137 cm. Santiago de Guápulo, Quito, Ecuador.
    “Procession during the time of drought” from the painting series “The Virgin of Guápulo's miracles” (1699-1706) by Miguel de Santiago. Oil on canvas, 137 x 137 cm. Santiago de Guápulo, Quito, Ecuador.
  • Close-up view of “Virgin of El Carmen” by Isabel de Santiago.
    Close-up view of “Virgin of El Carmen” by Isabel de Santiago.
  • Replica of “Hell” by Hernando de la Cruz, 17th century. Iglesia de la Compañía, Quito, Ecuador.
    Replica of “Hell” by Hernando de la Cruz, 17th century.
    Iglesia de la Compañía, Quito
    , Ecuador.

See also

References

  1. ISBN 978-9978-82-293-7
  2. ^ Handelsman, Michael (2000), Culture and Customs of Ecuador (Series: Culture and Customs of Latin America and the Caribbean; Series editor: Peter Standish); Westport, Connecticut/London: Greenwood Press, pg 125.
  3. ISBN 978-9978-72-084-4
  4. ^ Rivas, Julio (2012), Un sitio llamado San Francisco; Revista Clave!, Nov-Dec issue. [No me preocupa que Italia tenga a Miguel Ángel, en mis colonias de América yo tengo al maestro Caspicara.]
  5. ISBN 978-9978-04-562-6
  6. ISBN 84-89569-83-5
    .

External links
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