Esther M. Conwell

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Esther M. Conwell
Bell Laboratories

Esther Marley Conwell (May 23, 1922 – November 16, 2014) was a pioneering American chemist and physicist, best known for the Conwell-Weisskopf theory that describes how electrons travel through semiconductors, a breakthrough that helped revolutionize modern computing.[1][2][3] During her life, she was described as one of the most important women in science.

Conwell studied properties of

electron transport. In 1990, she became an adjunct professor at the University of Rochester while still working at Xerox. In 1998, she joined the University of Rochester faculty full-time as a professor of chemistry, focused on the flow of electrons through DNA.[3]

Conwell held four patents and published more than 270 papers and multiple textbooks over the course of her career. Her textbook, High Field Transport in Semiconductors, became the authoritative text in the field.[4][5] She received numerous honors, including the National Medal of Science in 2009.

Education

Conwell obtained a physics B.A. from

Chen-Ning Yang and Owen Chamberlain.[7]

Career

After her first year of graduate school, she was employed by Western Electric as an assistant engineer. At the time, payroll did not have a job title code for female assistant engineers so her title was changed to engineers assistant and her pay reduced to fit an existing code.[3]

She was an instructor in physics at Brooklyn College (1946–1951). She then worked as a researcher at

MIT in 1972.[5]

Honors and awards

Conwell was made a fellow of the

IEEE in 1980 “for contributions to semiconductor theory, particularly transport in both low and high electric fields.”[6]
She was also a fellow of the
National Academy of Sciences, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1992)[8] and is the only member of the University of Rochester to achieve this.[9]

She had received the Achievement Award of the

D.Sc. from Brooklyn College in 1992.[11]

Conwell receiving the National Medal of Science from President Barack Obama

In 1997 she received the IEEE

Michael Pupin.[5][12]

In November 2002, Discover magazine listed Conwell as one of the 50 most important women scientists at the time.[1]

In 2004 she received a Dreyfus Senior Faculty Mentor Award for serving as a research mentor to undergraduates. In 2006, the University of Rochester honored Conwell with a Susan B. Anthony Lifetime Achievement Award for her efforts in advocating and promoting women in science.[5]

The ACS Award for Encouraging Women into Careers in the Chemical Sciences was awarded to her in 2008.[13][12]

In 2009, Conwell received the prestigious

MIT and a National Medals of Science winner.[15]

Personal life

Ester Conwell was born in 1922 in New York City. She had two sisters and both of her parents were immigrants.[7]

Her son, Lewis Rothberg, is also a tenured professor of physics, physical chemistry, and chemical engineering at the University of Rochester;[16] his research focuses on organic electronics and biomolecular sensing using laser energetics.[17]

On November 16, 2014, Conwell was walking when she was struck by her neighbor's car as he was backing out of his driveway. Capt. David Catholdi of the Brighton Police Department stated that alcohol and speed were not factors in the incident. She was taken to Strong Memorial Hospital, where she died from her injuries several hours later. She was 92 years old and was still actively pursuing research.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b Svitil, Kathy (1 November 2002). "The 50 Most Important Women in Science". Discover. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
  2. ^ a b Freile, Victoria (18 November 2014). "UR Professor Esther Conwell remembered as a trailblazer". Democrat & Chronicle. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
  3. ^ a b c Iglinski, Peter (2014-11-17). "Esther Conwell, pioneering professor of chemistry, dies at 92". Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  4. ISBN 978-0521821971
    . Retrieved 27 September 2018.
  5. ^ a b c d "Esther Conwell". University of Rochester.
  6. ^ a b Colburn, Robert (16 June 2017). "How Four Pioneering Women in Technology Got Their Big Break". The Institute. Retrieved 27 September 2018.
  7. ^ a b c Ashrafi, Babak (2015-01-14). "Interview of Esther Conwell by Babak Ashrafi". Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  8. ^ a b "Esther M. Conwell". Niels Bohr Library & Archives. American Institute of Physics. Retrieved 27 September 2018.
  9. ^ Krauss, Todd (2015). "TRIBUTE Esther Conwell '44 (MS): 'Lived and Breathed Science'" (PDF). ROCHESTER REVIEW. p. 61. Retrieved 27 September 2018.
  10. ^ "Achievement Award Recipients". The Society of Women Engineers. Retrieved 27 September 2018.[permanent dead link]
  11. ^ "Esther Marly Conwell 1922 –". CONTRIBUTIONS OF 20TH CENTURY WOMEN TO PHYSICS. Retrieved 27 September 2018.
  12. ^
    doi:10.1063/PT.3.2791
    .
  13. ^ "ACS Award for Encouraging Women into Careers in the Chemical Sciences". American Chemical Society. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
  14. National Archives
    .
  15. ^ "University of Rochester's Esther Conwell, a Pioneering Woman Scientist, to Receive the National Medal of Science". Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  16. ISBN 978-0-309-43729-5
    . Retrieved 27 September 2018.
  17. ^ "Lewis Rothberg". University of Rochester. Retrieved 27 September 2018.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Esther_M._Conwell&oldid=1214951687"