Estill County, Kentucky
Estill County | |
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UTC−4 (EDT) | |
Congressional district | 6th |
Website | www |
Estill County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,163.[2] Its county seat is Irvine[3] The county was formed in 1808 and named for Captain James Estill, a Kentucky militia officer who was killed in the Battle of Little Mountain during the American Revolutionary War.[4] Estill County is a moist county meaning that the county seat, the city of Irvine, allows the sale of alcohol after the October 9, 2013, vote, but not the rest of Estill County outside the Irvine city limits.[5] Estill County has two adjacent towns, known as the twin cities, Irvine and Ravenna. Both cities sit along the Kentucky River in the central part of the county. Ravenna is home to a former CSX Transportation facility, now owned by Kentucky Steam Heritage Corporation for the restoration of Chesapeake and Ohio 2716.[6] It conducts the Ravenna Railroad Festival annually in late summer, and the historic Fitchburg & Cottage Furnaces are located here. Irvine hosts the annual Mountain Mushroom Festival over the last weekend of April, which celebrates the abundant Morel Mushrooms found in the region.[7]
History
Estill County was formed in 1808 from land given by Clark and Madison counties, it was Kentucky's 50th county.[8] Originally settled by European settlers entering Kentucky via old buffalo and Indian trails and traveling through Boonesborough in what is today Madison County.[9]
Estill County was one of the first areas in the United States to experience early industrialization, with iron mining and smelting beginning in 1810. The iron industry would go on to thrive in Estill County for decades, with the ruins of the Estill furnace, the Cottage furnace, and the Fitchburg Furnace still being visible today.[9] The Fitchburg furnace was a particularly impressive engineering feat. Standing 81 feet tall, the furnace is the largest charcoal furnace in the world, and one of the largest 25 dry-stone masonry structures in the world.[10] The iron industry declined after the Civil War when iron deposits and timber to fire the furnaces were depleted, and innovation made charcoal furnaces obsolete.[9] During the Civil War Estill County was strongly pro-union, similar to surrounding counties, especially to the southeast.
Additionally, the county was historically known for the Estill Springs summer resort, situated near mineral springs in Irvine. This resort was a popular vacation site for many prominent Kentuckians in the 19th century, with men including Henry Clay, John Crittenden, and John C. Breckinridge vacationing there.[9] The current courthouse, built in 1941, replaced a structure dating from the 1860s.[11]
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 256 square miles (660 km2), of which 253 square miles (660 km2) is land and 2.5 square miles (6.5 km2) (1.0%) is water.[12] Estill County is located at the contact of two Kentucky regions: the Bluegrass and the Cumberland plateau, because of this the county is known as the location where the "Bluegrass kisses the Mountains."[13]
Estill County contains two important rivers. With the
Rivers and streams
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Adjacent counties
- Clark County (north)
- Powell County (northeast)
- Lee County (southeast)
- Jackson County (south)
- Madison County (west)
Protected areas
- Daniel Boone National Forest (part)
- Lilly Mountain Nature Preserve[17]
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1810 | 2,082 | — | |
1820 | 3,507 | 68.4% | |
1830 | 4,618 | 31.7% | |
1840 | 5,535 | 19.9% | |
1850 | 5,985 | 8.1% | |
1860 | 6,886 | 15.1% | |
1870 | 9,198 | 33.6% | |
1880 | 9,860 | 7.2% | |
1890 | 10,836 | 9.9% | |
1900 | 11,669 | 7.7% | |
1910 | 12,273 | 5.2% | |
1920 | 15,569 | 26.9% | |
1930 | 17,079 | 9.7% | |
1940 | 17,978 | 5.3% | |
1950 | 14,677 | −18.4% | |
1960 | 12,466 | −15.1% | |
1970 | 12,752 | 2.3% | |
1980 | 14,495 | 13.7% | |
1990 | 14,614 | 0.8% | |
2000 | 15,307 | 4.7% | |
2010 | 14,672 | −4.1% | |
2020 | 14,163 | −3.5% | |
2023 (est.) | 13,936 | [18] | −1.6% |
U.S. Decennial Census[19] 1790-1960[20] 1900-1990[21] 1990-2000[22] 2010-2020[2] |
As of the
There were 6,108 households, out of which 32.30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.40% were married couples living together, 12.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.40% were non-families. 24.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.94.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.20% under the age of 18, 9.10% from 18 to 24, 29.20% from 25 to 44, 24.20% from 45 to 64, and 13.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 93.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.20 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $23,318, and the median income for a family was $27,284. Males had a median income of $29,254 versus $18,849 for females. The
Politics
Although it lies in the
Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
2020 | 5,100 | 77.98% | 1,355 | 20.72% | 85 | 1.30% |
2016 | 4,236 | 76.39% | 1,108 | 19.98% | 201 | 3.62% |
2012 | 3,749 | 72.32% | 1,356 | 26.16% | 79 | 1.52% |
2008 | 3,685 | 69.35% | 1,555 | 29.26% | 74 | 1.39% |
2004 | 3,633 | 65.17% | 1,907 | 34.21% | 35 | 0.63% |
2000 | 3,033 | 64.39% | 1,591 | 33.78% | 86 | 1.83% |
1996 | 2,220 | 49.89% | 1,724 | 38.74% | 506 | 11.37% |
1992 | 2,453 | 48.68% | 1,837 | 36.46% | 749 | 14.86% |
1988 | 3,077 | 64.18% | 1,692 | 35.29% | 25 | 0.52% |
1984 | 3,512 | 68.57% | 1,593 | 31.10% | 17 | 0.33% |
1980 | 2,818 | 57.97% | 1,965 | 40.42% | 78 | 1.60% |
1976 | 2,250 | 52.16% | 2,034 | 47.15% | 30 | 0.70% |
1972 | 3,054 | 69.42% | 1,322 | 30.05% | 23 | 0.52% |
1968 | 2,236 | 53.57% | 1,261 | 30.21% | 677 | 16.22% |
1964 | 1,996 | 48.66% | 2,105 | 51.32% | 1 | 0.02% |
1960 | 3,238 | 64.85% | 1,755 | 35.15% | 0 | 0.00% |
1956 | 2,946 | 60.52% | 1,912 | 39.28% | 10 | 0.21% |
1952 | 2,630 | 57.80% | 1,900 | 41.76% | 20 | 0.44% |
1948 | 2,056 | 50.18% | 1,937 | 47.28% | 104 | 2.54% |
1944 | 2,493 | 55.19% | 2,000 | 44.28% | 24 | 0.53% |
1940 | 2,889 | 52.66% | 2,587 | 47.16% | 10 | 0.18% |
1936 | 2,931 | 52.43% | 2,646 | 47.33% | 13 | 0.23% |
1932 | 2,963 | 48.29% | 3,150 | 51.34% | 23 | 0.37% |
1928 | 3,641 | 65.82% | 1,886 | 34.09% | 5 | 0.09% |
1924 | 2,152 | 48.64% | 2,052 | 46.38% | 220 | 4.97% |
1920 | 2,552 | 58.17% | 1,823 | 41.55% | 12 | 0.27% |
1916 | 1,524 | 55.93% | 1,180 | 43.30% | 21 | 0.77% |
1912 | 869 | 41.09% | 875 | 41.37% | 371 | 17.54% |
Communities
City
Other Communities
- Barnes Mountain
- Cobhill
- Cressy
- Crystal
- Drip Rock
- Fox
- Furnace
- Hargett
- Leighton
- Palmer
- Patsey
- Pryse
- Red Lick
- South Irvine
- Spout Springs
- Tipton Ridge
- Wisemantown
- Winston
See also
References
- ^ "about". www.mountainmushroomfestival.org. Retrieved January 29, 2019.
- ^ a b "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 26, 2023.
- ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
- ISBN 0813126312. Retrieved April 28, 2013.
- ^ "Irvine votes 'wet' in special election". www.cvt-news.com. Retrieved June 25, 2019.
- ^ "Rail Heritage Center | Kentucky Steam". www.kentuckysteam.org. Archived from the original on August 12, 2020.
- ^ "body". mountainmushroomfestival.org. Retrieved January 29, 2019.
- ISBN 9780722249208.
- ^ a b c d "History". Estill Development Alliance. Archived from the original on September 5, 2018. Retrieved February 7, 2019.
- ^ "Fitchburg Furnace Interpretive Site". Daniel Boone National Forest.
- ISBN 9780916489496. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
- ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on August 12, 2014. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
- ^ "History". Estill Development Alliance. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
- ^ "Groundwater Resources of Estill County, Kentucky". www.uky.edu. Retrieved February 7, 2019.
- ^ "Groundwater Resources of Estill County, Kentucky".
- ^ "Drowning Creek". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
- ^ "Lily Mountain Nature Preserve". Estill Development Alliance. Retrieved January 29, 2019.
- ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 14, 2024.
- ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
- ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
- ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
- ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
- ISBN 1469609835
- ^ Copeland, James E.; ‘Where Were the Kentucky Unionists and Secessionists’; The Register of the Kentucky Historical Society, volume 71, no. 4 (October 1973), pp. 344-363
- ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved July 1, 2018.