Estoril

Coordinates: 38°42′15″N 9°23′54″W / 38.70417°N 9.39833°W / 38.70417; -9.39833
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the racing circuit near Estoril, see Circuito do Estoril.
Estoril
Civil Parish
Clockwise: Casino Estoril; Praia da Poça; Hotel Palacio Estoril; Tamariz Beach; Casino Gardens.
The beach of Tamariz, in the central coastal area of Estoril
Santo António
Geographic detail from CAOP (2010)[1] produced by Instituto Geográfico Português (IGP)

Estoril (Portuguese pronunciation:

royal families and celebrities, and has hosted a number of high-profile events, such as the Estoril Open and the Lisbon & Estoril Film Festival
.

Estoril is one of the most expensive places to live in Portugal and the Iberian Peninsula. It is home to a sizable foreign community and known for its luxury restaurants, hotels, and entertainment.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Cascais is consistently ranked for its high quality of living, making it one of the most livable places in Portugal.[9][10]

Etymology

Estoril may derive from the

Old Portuguese estorga (heather) - a common plant in the area – with the final meaning of "place where heather grows or is abundant", or from the Old Portuguese astor (Northern goshawk), meaning a place where such birds live.[11]

History

The Grande Casino Internacional Monte Estoril as seen in a 1920s postcard
Horasis Global Meeting
reception at the Hotel Palácio; 2016.

The territory of Estoril has been inhabited for centuries, owing to its climatic conditions and favourable environment.

Phoenicians, Romans and Arabs selected this area for its strategic place in Western Europe.[12] There are remains of Roman villas in the parish that push back the history of the region to the first millennium, when the settlements of the coast were dependent on the fishing ports. From these settlements, Estoril inherited a rich cultural heritage, architecture, toponymy, habits and customs.[12]

In 1147, during the Reconquista, the region was brought under Christian control.[12]

Owing to its strategic location, the region was intimately linked to the Portuguese Age of Discovery and all the dynamic social and cultural upheavals that it originated.[12]

Its solid fortifications are a testament to the innumerable attacks by

Spanish, French and English pirates and privateers. The many forts that dot the coastline are symbols of the resistance and battles that secured Portuguese independence and national interests.[12]

At the end of the monarchy, it was in the waters of Estoril that many sought refuge and escape. Aristocrats, nobles and others escaped through the ports along the Estoril coast to flee from the Republican forces.[12]

In the hilltop enclave of Monte Estoril (situated between Estoril and Cascais), is the Verdades-Faria Museum, built in 1917 by Jorge O'Neil.

Museum of Portuguese Music
.

During the

Second World War, the region was a centre of spies and diplomatic secrecy, situations that provided the region with a cosmopolitan atmosphere and sophistication.[12] Due to the vision of Fausto Cardoso de Figueiredo and his business partner Augusto Carreira de Sousa, it became an international tourist destination both during and after the Second World War.[12]

During that time, several dignitaries and

King Edward VIII the Duke of Windsor, briefly resided in an Estoril villa as more direct and reliably safe routes to London from France for his escape were cut off by Blitzkrieg
during the invasion.

It was also in this location that former Portuguese dictator António de Oliveira Salazar had a summer house. It was Salazar who ordered the construction of the E.N.6 motorway, more commonly referred to as the Avenida Marginal, in order for him to quickly travel by car between Cascais and Lisbon (until then the accessway was nothing more than a dirt road, where traffic could only circulate at low speed and make frequent stops).[12] The roadway permitted the dictator to travel rapidly, and with fewer stops, it wasn't possible for him to be recognized easily in transit.[12]

The 4th

World Chess Champion Alexander Alekhine
died in Estoril in 1946 under unknown circumstances.

The engineer John Tojeiro was born in Estoril.

Geography

Population of
Estoril
(1849–2011)
YearPop.±%
1970 15,440—    
1981 24,312+57.5%
1991 23,962−1.4%
2001 23,769−0.8%
2011 26,397+11.1%
The coast of the civil parish of Cascais and Estoril, showing a mix of modern and historical architecture, as well as local fishing tradition
The Estoril Massif and geomorphology of the interior regions of the parish

The Estoril coast is relatively close to

Guincho (sometimes referred colloquially as the Costa de Estoril-Sintra
or Costa de Lisboa). Estoril includes several smaller boroughs and localities along the coastline, namely (from east to west): São Pedro do Estoril, São João do Estoril, Santo António do Estoril (or simply Estoril) and Monte Estoril, as well as other to the interior.

Estoril is popularly recognized for the Casino Estoril, widely regarded as Europe's largest casino.[12]

Climate

Climate data for Monte Estoril, 1931-1960
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 22.0
(71.6) 		23.5
(74.3) 		27.6
(81.7) 		32.1
(89.8) 		34.0
(93.2) 		39.2
(102.6) 		38.9
(102.0) 		39.5
(103.1) 		35.3
(95.5) 		34.8
(94.6) 		28.2
(82.8) 		22.2
(72.0) 		39.5
(103.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 14.9
(58.8) 		15.8
(60.4) 		17.3
(63.1) 		19.4
(66.9) 		20.8
(69.4) 		23.6
(74.5) 		25.7
(78.3) 		26.0
(78.8) 		24.9
(76.8) 		22.0
(71.6) 		18.4
(65.1) 		15.7
(60.3) 		20.4
(68.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) 11.8
(53.2) 		12.3
(54.1) 		14.0
(57.2) 		15.7
(60.3) 		17.1
(62.8) 		19.6
(67.3) 		21.4
(70.5) 		21.7
(71.1) 		20.8
(69.4) 		18.3
(64.9) 		15.0
(59.0) 		12.4
(54.3) 		16.7
(62.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 8.6
(47.5) 		8.8
(47.8) 		10.6
(51.1) 		12.0
(53.6) 		13.4
(56.1) 		15.6
(60.1) 		17.0
(62.6) 		17.4
(63.3) 		16.8
(62.2) 		14.6
(58.3) 		11.7
(53.1) 		9.2
(48.6) 		13.0
(55.4)
Record low °C (°F) −0.3
(31.5) 		−0.9
(30.4) 		3.1
(37.6) 		5.8
(42.4) 		7.4
(45.3) 		10.4
(50.7) 		12.6
(54.7) 		12.6
(54.7) 		11.0
(51.8) 		8.3
(46.9) 		3.0
(37.4) 		−0.9
(30.4) 		−0.9
(30.4)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 97.0
(3.82) 		67.6
(2.66) 		91.0
(3.58) 		49.6
(1.95) 		38.0
(1.50) 		13.0
(0.51) 		2.4
(0.09) 		4.4
(0.17) 		28.61
(1.13) 		68.4
(2.69) 		82.3
(3.24) 		93.9
(3.70) 		636.21
(25.04)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm) 14 11 14 9 9 4 2 2 5 10 13 13 106
Average
relative humidity
(%) 		82 77 78 73 74 74 71 73 75 76 79 81 76
Mean monthly sunshine hours 161.1 183.0 209.1 275.7 315.6 342.8 383.7 356.6 279.1 234.9 184.2 162.8 3,088.6
Percent possible sunshine 53 60 56 70 71 77 85 84 75 68 61 55 68
Source: Instituto de Meteorologia[13][14]

Culture

The

Museum of Portuguese Music- Casa Verdades de Faria hosts an important collection of musical instruments related to popular music, assembled by Michel Giacometti
.

Christine McVie, from the band Fleetwood Mac, wrote a song called "Nights in Estoril" for their album Time.

Serbian-Portuguese author

Dejan Tiago Stankovic published Estoril, a war novel[15]
in 2016, about Estoril during World War II.

Sport

The major local

Grupo Desportivo Estoril Praia
.

Estoril Circuit, although Formula One is no longer on the circuit's calendar. This was due to the circuit not coming up to FIA
safety standards, leading to the 1997 event being canceled. Following a review on safety, Estoril was reshaped in 1999, the first two corners being affected the most. Today's circuit is 4.183 km (2.599 mi) in length and is run in a clockwise fashion. The circuit also used to host MotoGP, among other lower formula events.

ATP World Tour
.

Education

There are numerous education opportunities in and near Estoril, including a number of private schools for expats. The German community hosts a kindergarten and elementary school campus of the

German School of Lisbon.[16] True to the high-end living in the area, there are schools for tennis [2], art [3], and intensive academic training from age five through college [4] [5]. There are dozens of schools in the area. Most appear to be private, though six of the public schools can be reviewed at Agrupamento de Escolas de Parede.[17]

Notable people

  • Eba Viegas (born 1999), Portuguese footballer
  • King Carol II
    of Romania lived in Estoril after abdication.
  • Miklos Horthy (born 1868) lived here until his death after exile from Hungary.
  • Fulgencio Batista (1901-1973) Cuban dictator, lived in Estoril briefly before dying.

References

  1. ^ IGP, ed. (2010), Carta Administrativa Oficial de Portugal (in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal: Instituto Geográfico Português, archived from the original on July 3, 2014, retrieved 1 July 2011
  2. ^ "Jornal Economico - Lisboa, Cascais e Sintra são os municípios que mais encaixam com IMI". Archived from the original on 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2018-07-29.
  3. ^ RTP - Seis dos quinze concelhos mais ricos situam-se na Região de Lisboa
  4. ^ Publico - Grande Lisboa e a Regiao Iberica Mais Rica em Poder de Compra
  5. ^ Folha de S. Paulo - Mercado imobiliário em alta dá apelido de nova Miami a Lisboa
  6. ^ Sapo Economia - Investir 1,3 milhões de euros para vender imóveis de luxo em Lisboa
  7. ^ Diario de Noticias - Portugal é a nova Miami para os brasileiros ricos
  8. ^ "Expresso - O negócio milionário das casas de luxo em Portugal". Archived from the original on 2018-08-12. Retrieved 2018-07-29.
  9. ^ "Cascais é a terceira melhor cidade do país". Observador. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
  10. ^ Eurodicas - Melhores Cidades de Portugal
  11. ^ Correia, J.Diogo (1964). «Toponimia do Concelho de Cascais» (PDF). Camara Municipal de Cascais. Consultado em 5 de novembro de 2018.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Junta Freguesia, ed. (2011). "História" (in Portuguese). Estoril (Cascais), Portugal: Junta Freguesia de Estoril. Archived from the original on 7 October 2011. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
  13. ^ O Clima de Portugal: Normais climatológicas do Continente, Açores e Madeira correspondentes a 1931-1960. Serviço Meteorológico Nacional, Observatório do Infante D. Luís (Lisboa). 1965. p. 108. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
  14. ^ O Clima de Portugal: Normais climatológicas do Continente, Açores e Madeira correspondentes a 1931-1960. Serviço Meteorológico Nacional, Observatório do Infante D. Luís (Lisboa). 1965. p. 109. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
  15. ^ "Estoril, a war novel by Dejan Tiago-Stanković — Reviews, Discussion, Bookclubs, Lists". goodreads.com. Retrieved 2017-06-09.
  16. German School of Lisbon
    . Retrieved on May 5, 2016. German: "Deutsche Schule Lissabon Kindergarten, Grundschule, Gymnasium Rua Prof. Francisco Lucas Pires 1600-891 Lisboa Portugal" and "Deutsche Schule Lissabon - Standort Estoril Kindergarten, Grundschule Rua Dr. António Martins, 26 2765-194 Estoril Portugal" ; Portuguese: "Escola Alemã de Lisboa Jardim Infantil, Escola Primária e Liceu Rua Prof. Francisco Lucas Pires 1600-891 Lisboa Portugal" and "Escola Alemã de Lisboa - Dependência do Estoril Jardim de Infância, Escola Primária Rua Dr. António Martins, 26 2765-194 Estoril Portugal"
  17. ^ "[1]" (Schools - Grouping of Walls Schools). Retrieved on March 16, 2021.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Estoril.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Estoril&oldid=1214986430"