Ethiopia–Italy relations
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Ethiopia–Italy relations are the current and historical relations between Ethiopia and Italy.
History
Modern Italian colonial ambitions into Ethiopia began in the 1880s.[1] This was eventually followed by the Italo-Ethiopian War of 1887–1889, in which Italy occupied the Ethiopian territory in present-day Eritrea, founding the colony of Italian Eritrea. Years later, the disputed Treaty of Wuchale led to the First Italo-Ethiopian War between 1894 and 1896, where the Ethiopians (supported by Russia and France) successfully fought off European expansion. The peace of Addis Ababa after the defeat of the Italian troops in Adua in 1896, was the beginning of the Ethiopian independence. The Ethiopian territory included the territory conquered by Menelik II and the borders were agreed with the major regional powers: France, Great Britain and Egypt. Moreover, a series of Treaties regulated the relations with Italy, which established the borders between Ethiopia and Eritrea as well as Somalia. However, some territories belonged to Somalia for an ethnic reason, so the fact that Ethiopia had occupied and incorporated them caused tensions in the regional relations. The emperor
Following
Italy eventually lost its colonies in the region. Following years of local resistance and the intervention of
After independence, many Italian settlers remained for decades after receiving full pardon by Emperor Selassie. However, due to the Ethiopian Civil War in 1974, nearly 22,000 Italo-Ethiopians left the country.[9]
Education
Ethiopia has the largest concentration of Italian schools and cultural institutes in Africa (such as the Scuola Statale Italiana of Addis Abeba), which foster and promote Italian and Ethiopian culture and are free to the public.[10]
Economy
The Italian firm
Cooperation
The relations between Ethiopia and Italy
Currently, Italy ranks among Ethiopia's top trade partners, eighth supplier at global level, first at European level (in the first months of 2018), in fact many Italian companies are involved in the current work of modernisation of Ethiopia, while as far as Italian Export is concerned, Ethiopia ranks fourth as destination market in Sub-Saharan Africa.[17]
On 10 April 2019, an important agreement between the Government of the Italian Republic[18] and the Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, focused on cooperation in the defence sector, was concluded in Addis Ababa, entitled: "Ratification and implementation of the Agreement between the Government of the Italian Republic and the Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia on cooperation in the field of defence, done at Addis Ababa on 10 april 2019".
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia on cooperation in the field of defence, done at Addis Ababa on 10 April 2019" on Government initiative (in Italian language "Accordo tra il Governo della Repubblica italiana e il Governo della Repubblica democratica federale di Etiopia sulla cooperazione nel settore della difesa").
Content of the Agreement
The ratification of the agreement initialled in 2019 between the Government of the Republic of Italy and the Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia on cooperation in the field of defence consists of four articles, the first two authorising ratification and ordering the Agreement.
Article 3 deals with the coverage of charges attributable to the provisions of Article 4 which is dedicated to the modalities of cooperation, which provided:
- exchange of visits and experience
- reciprocal participation in courses, conferences, studies, apprenticeships, training as well as
- symposia organised by military education and training institutions;
- promotion of knowledge and skills, in accordance with national and international law, related to defence
- law, related to defence issues;
- peace support operations;
- promotion of military health services, including medical research;
- support to commercial initiatives, relating to defence products and services related to defence
- defence issues;
- other areas of common interest to the Parties.[19]
See also
- Italian Ethiopia
- Foreign relations of Ethiopia
- Italians of Ethiopia
- Foreign relations of Italy
- Italian East Africa
- Ethiopians in Italy
References
- ISBN 978-91-7106-406-6.
- OCLC 848756588.
- ISBN 978-1-57607-335-3.
- ISBN 978-0-8108-7457-2.
- ISBN 978-0-520-93626-3.
- ISBN 978-88-430-4766-6.
- ^ Cernuschi, Enrico. La resistenza sconosciuta in Africa Orientale. pag. 74 (in Italian)
- ISBN 978-1-135-81249-2.
- ^ Photos and articles of Italoethiopians who took refuge in Italy Archived 2017-02-11 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Italian Cultural Institute of Addis Ababa". Archived from the original on 2015-04-02. Retrieved 2019-01-21.
- ^ "webuild". www.webuildgroup.com. Retrieved 2021-06-09.
- ^ "posh100! Review Reviews, Home Improvement, Tools..." posh100! Review. Archived from the original on 2021-05-25. Retrieved 2021-06-10.
- ^ "Treccani, Ethiopia's economy situation". Treccani (in Italian). Retrieved 2021-06-10.
- ^ "OEC - The Observatory of Economic Complexity". oec.world. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
- S2CID 144762976.
- ^ ispiseo (2020-12-11). "Italy's Priorities in Africa". ISPI (in Italian). Retrieved 2021-06-12.
- ^ deputati, Camera dei (2019-12-10). "Accordo tra il Governo della Repubblica italiana e il Governo della Repubblica democratica federale di Etiopia sulla cooperazione nel settore della difesa, fatto ad Addis Abeba il 10 aprile 2019". Documentazione parlamentare (in Italian). Retrieved 2021-06-12.
- OCLC 22957339.
- ^ "Gazzetta Ufficiale". www.gazzettaufficiale.it. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
External links
- Ethiopia- Italy relations, FDRE (Ethiopian) Ministry of Foreign Affairs