Ethiopian Australians
The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's general notability guideline. (August 2023) |
ኢትዮጵያውያን አውስትራሊያውያን | |
---|---|
Total population | |
18,600 (by ancestry, 2019)[1] 14,092 (by birth, 2021).[2] | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Melbourne | |
Languages | |
Various languages of Ethiopia, Australian English | |
Religion | |
Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, Islam, Pentecostalism[3] | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Eritrean Australians |
Ethiopian Australians (
Migration history
Ethiopian refugees who would eventually settle in Australia began flowing out of their home country as early as the 1970s, when the Derg came to power.[3] They lived in refugee camps in neighbouring countries, mainly Sudan and Kenya, some for as long as 20 years before they found a country willing to resettle them. More left as refugees after Eritrea gained independence in 1993.[9] The United States, rather than Australia, was the first-choice destination for most refugees; as a result, the Ethiopians in Australia tend to have less educational background and occupational skills than Ethiopian populations who relocated elsewhere.[3]
Late in the following year, 350 more Ethiopians from the
Numbers and distribution
According to the 2006 Australian census 5,633 Australians were born in Ethiopia[11] while 5,600 claimed Ethiopian ancestry, either alone or with another ancestry.[1] The similar figures for ancestry and place of birth are indicative of the very recent immigration of this group.
Australia's 2001 census found about 3,600 residents of the country who reported their place of birth as Ethiopia.[9] This made them the 15th-largest group of Ethiopian-born people in a country outside of Ethiopia, ahead of the United Arab Emirates and behind Norway.[12] About 85% of those lived in Melbourne, alongside communities of immigrants from other countries in the Horn of Africa, mainly Eritrea and Somalia; they are primarily settled in Footscray and neighbouring suburbs such as Ascot Vale, Braybrook, Flemington, Kensington, and Sunshine.[3] Other communities of Ethiopians can be found in New South Wales and Tasmania.[13]
Education and employment
According to the 2011 Census, 51.3 per cent of Ethiopia-born Australians 15 years and over in age had some form of higher non-school qualifications. 19.7 per cent of the Ethiopia-born aged 15 years and over were still attending an educational institution.[14]
Ethiopia-born individuals in Australia aged 15 years and over participated in the labour force at a rate of 62.3 per cent; the unemployment rate was 15 per cent. Of the 3,775 Ethiopia-born immigrants who were employed, 26.2 per cent worked in a professional, skilled managerial or trade occupation.[14] In Footscray, some have set up ethnic-oriented businesses, such as hair salons, clothing shops, and restaurants with a mostly Ethiopian customer base.[3]
Religion
According to Australian Bureau of Statistics in 2016, the most common responses to the religion question among Ethiopian Australian (11.795 in 2016) were Oriental Orthodox (25.6%), Islam (24.4%), Nondenominational Christian (12.7%), Eastern Orthodox (9.8%) and Other Protestant (4.1%).[15]
In 2021, the most common responses to the religion question among Ethiopian Australian were Islam (27.5%), Oriental Orthodox (25.8%), Nondenominational Christian (13.9%), Eastern Orthodox (7.9%) and No religion (4.5%).[16]
Religious divisions among migrants from Ethiopia follow ethnic lines. The Amhara and Tigray are largely members of the
Notable people
- Kamal Ibrahim, footballer
- Mizan Mehari, long-distance runner
- Abebe Fekadu, powerlifter
- Bendere Oboya, sprinter
- Sunday Aryang, netballer
References
- ^ a b ABS 2006b, Ancestry
- ^ "People in Australia who were born in Ethiopia". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g Gow 2001
- ^ Events, Melbourne: Oromo Community Association, archived from the original on 24 July 2008, retrieved 30 November 2008
- ^ "Oromo-Australian woman participates in international diplomacy training", Oromia Online, 31 July 2000, archived from the original on 4 July 2008, retrieved 30 November 2008
- ^ Australian Oromo Community Association in Victoria Inc
- ^ "Ethnic federalism and conflict in Ethiopia". ACCORD. Retrieved 2021-09-02.
- ^ "Ethiopian Culture - Ethiopians in Australia". Cultural Atlas. Retrieved 2021-09-02.
- ^ a b DIMA 2006
- ^ "Ethiopian Culture - Ethiopians in Australia". Cultural Atlas. Retrieved 2021-08-30.
- ^ ABS 2006a, Country of Birth
- ^ Matteo Terrazas 2007
- ^ "Ethiopian community receives fire safety lesson", ABC News, 26 November 2006, retrieved 30 November 2008
- ^ a b "The Ethiopia-born Community". Department of Social Services. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
- ^ "2016 People in Australia who were born in Ethiopia, Census Country of birth QuickStats | Australian Bureau of Statistics". www.abs.gov.au. Retrieved 2023-04-20.
- ^ "2021 People in Australia who were born in Ethiopia, Census Country of birth QuickStats | Australian Bureau of Statistics". www.abs.gov.au. Retrieved 2023-04-20.
Sources
- Gow, Greg (2001), "Ethiopians", in Jupp, James (ed.), The Australian People: An Encyclopedia of the Nation, Its People and Their Origins, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-80789-0
- Ethiopian Community Profile (PDF), Canberra, Australia: Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, August 2006, archived from the original (PDF) on 3 August 2008, retrieved 30 November 2008
- "20680-Country of Birth of Person (full classification list) by Sex - Australia", Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2006 Census, archived from the original (Microsoft Excel) on 25 December 2018, retrieved 2 June 2008. Total count of persons: 19,855,288.
- "20680-Ancestry (full classification list) by Sex - Australia", Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2006 Census, archived from the original (XLS) on 10 March 2008, retrieved 2 June 2008. Total responses: 25,451,383 for total count of persons: 19,855,288.
- Matteo Terrazas, Aaron (June 2007), "Beyond Regional Circularity: The Emergence of an Ethiopian Diaspora", Migration Information Source, retrieved 30 November 2008
Further reading
- Debela, Nega Worku (1995), Minority language education with special reference to the cultural adaption of the Ethiopian community in South Australia, Ph.D. thesis, Department of Philosophy, University of Adelaide, OCLC 222269742, retrieved 30 November 2008
- Jackson, Andra (23 November 2007), "Bandleader dreams of African voices in Australian harmony", The Age, retrieved 30 November 2008