Ethiopian Revolution
Ethiopian Revolution | |
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Part of Opposition to Haile Selassie | |
Clockwise from top: The Coordinating Committee of the Armed Forces (Derg); the 1974 coup d'état of Haile Selassie; Public demonstration on 24 August 1974 | |
Date | 12 January – 12 September 1974 (8 months) |
Location | |
Caused by |
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Goals | Human rights, social change, agrarian and land reforms, price controls, free schooling, releasing political prisoners |
Methods | |
Resulted in |
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The Ethiopian Revolution (
In June 1974, a group of army officers established the Coordinating Committee of the Armed Forces, later branding itself as the Derg, which struggled to topple Haile Selassie's cabinet under Prime Minister Endelkachew Makonnen. By September of that year, the Derg began detaining Endalkachew's closest advisors, dissolved the Crown Council and Imperial Court and disbanded the emperor's military staff. The Ethiopian Revolution ended with the 12 September coup d'état of Haile Selassie by the Coordinating Committee.
Background
For many centuries, the Ethiopian Empire had a semi-feudal mode of production, with most land held by the church (25%), the Emperor (20%), the feudal lords (30%) and the state (18%), leaving a mere 7% to the roughly 23 million Ethiopian peasants. The landless peasants lost as much as 75% of their produce to the landlords, leaving them in a miserable life state. Haile Selassie had also promised to reform and modernize the country.[1]
The late 1960s in Ethiopia included student movements developing their knowledge of and debating the
Events
The Ethiopian Revolution is widely considered to have begun on 12 January 1974 when a group of Ethiopian soldiers rebelled in
The Coordinating Committee of the Armed Forces formed in June 1974, later called the Derg, which decided to seize power from the emperor while confronting the Prime Minister, Endelkachew Makonnen.[6] Endelkachew was criticized for his backwardness in reforms which the Emperor, as the constitutional head, agreed to. On the Coordinating Committee's recommendation, Haile Selassie appointed him Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces in early July 1974.[6][7]
September Revolution
Endalkachew resigned from office on 22 July[8] and went to Djibouti;[9] the Coordinating Committee took power by the end of the year.[7] On 12 September, they arrested Haile Selassie,[10] who remained at the National Palace until his death on 27 August 1975.[11]
Analysis
References
- ^ S2CID 150699038.
- ^ Wikidata Q117768677.
- JSTOR 722145.
- S2CID 148384238.
- S2CID 150699038.
- ^ a b "THE ETHIOPIAN REVOLUTION" (PDF). 18 September 2022.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-137-11786-1.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-09-18.
- JSTOR 43660337.
- S2CID 144500147.
- ^ "Imprisonment and Death". thehaileselassie.com. Retrieved 2022-09-18.