Homeland

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Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix personifies the French motherland.

A homeland is a place where a cultural, national, or ethnic identity has formed. The definition can also mean simply one's country of birth.[1] When used as a proper noun, the Homeland, as well as its equivalents in other languages, often has ethnic nationalist connotations. A homeland may also be referred to as a fatherland, a motherland, or a mother country, depending on the culture and language of the nationality in question.

Motherland

Yanam, India

Motherland refers to a mother country, i.e. the place in which somebody grew up or had lived for a long enough period that somebody has formed their own cultural identity, the place that one's ancestors lived for generations, or the place that somebody regards as home, or a

Roman provinces.[3][4] Turks refer to Turkey
as "ana vatan" (lit: mother homeland.)

Fatherland

First World War
with the text "Shoulder to shoulder, hand in hand, for God, Emperor and Fatherland."

Fatherland is the nation of one's "fathers", "

forefathers", or ancestors. The word can also mean the country of nationality, the country in which somebody grew up, the country that somebody's ancestors lived in for generations, or the country that somebody regards as home, depending on how the individual uses it.[5]

It can be viewed as a nationalist concept, in so far as it is evocative of emotions related to family ties and links them to national identity and patriotism. It can be compared to motherland and homeland, and some languages will use more than one of these terms.[6] The national anthem of the Netherlands between 1815 and 1932, "Wien Neêrlands Bloed", makes extensive use of the parallel Dutch word, as does the current Dutch national anthem, Het Wilhelmus.

The Ancient Greek patris, fatherland, led to patrios, of our fathers and thence to the Latin patriota and Old French patriote, meaning compatriot; from these the English word patriotism is derived. The related Ancient Roman word Patria led to similar forms in modern Romance languages.

"Fatherland" was first encountered by the vast majority of citizens in countries that did not themselves use it during

concentration camp, also signed, Adolf Hitler.[10]

The term fatherland (Vaterland) is used throughout

Het Wilhelmus
".

In German, the word became more prominent in the 19th century. It appears in numerous patriotic songs and poems, such as Hoffmann's song

Lied der Deutschen which became the national anthem in 1922. Because of the use of Vaterland in Nazi-German war propaganda, the term "Fatherland" in English has become associated with domestic British and American anti-Nazi propaganda during World War II
. This is not the case in Germany itself, where the word remains used in the usual patriotic contexts.

Terms equating "Fatherland" in other Germanic languages:

A corresponding term is often used in Slavic languages, in:

  • Russian otechestvo (отечество) or otchizna (отчизна)
  • Polish ojczyzna in common language literally meaning "fatherland", ziemia ojców literally meaning "land of fathers",[13] sometimes used in the phrase ziemia ojców naszych[14] literally meaning "land of our fathers" (besides rarer name macierz "motherland")
  • Ukrainian batʹkivshchyna (батьківщина) or vitchyzna (вітчизна).
  • Czech otčina (although the normal Czech term for "homeland" is vlast)
  • the Belarusians as Бацькаўшчына (Baćkaŭščyna)
  • Serbo-Croatian otadžbina (отаџбина) meaning "fatherland", domovina (домовина) meaning "homeland", dedovina (дедовина) or djedovina meaning "grandfatherland" or "land of grandfathers"
  • Bulgarian татковина (tatkovina) as well as otechestvo (Отечество)
  • Macedonian татковина (tatkovina)

Other groups that refer to their native country as a "fatherland"

Groups with languages that refer to their native country as a "fatherland" include:

  • the Arabs as أرض الآباء 'arḍ al-'abā' ("land of the fathers")
  • the Armenians as Հայրենիք (Hayreniq)
  • the Albanians as Atdhe
  • the Amharas as አባት አገር (Abbat Ager)
  • the Austrians as Vaterland
  • the
    Rohingya
    as Bafodinná woton
  • the Arakaneses as A pha rakhaing pray (အဖရခိုင်ပြည်)
  • the Azerbaijanis as vətən (from Arabic)
  • the Chechens as "Daimokh"
  • the Estonians as isamaa (as in the national anthem Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm)
  • the Finns as isänmaa
  • the French, as La patrie
  • the
    Flemings
    as Vaderland
  • the Georgians as Samshoblo (სამშობლო - "[land] of parents") or Mamuli (მამული)
  • the
    Ancient Greeks
    as πατρίς patris
  • the Greeks as πατρίδα patrida
  • the Irish as Athartha
  • the Kazakhs as atameken
  • the Kyrgyz as ata meken
  • the Latvians as tēvzeme
  • the Liechtensteiners as Vaterland
  • the Lithuanians as tėvynė
  • the Nigerians as fatherland
  • the Oromo as Biyya Abaa
  • the Pakistanis as Vatan (madar-e-watan means motherland. Not fatherland)
  • the Somali as Dhulka Abaa, land of the father
  • the Swiss as Vaterland (as in the national anthem Swiss Psalm)
  • the Thais as pituphum (ปิตุภูมิ), the word is adapted from Sanskrit
  • the Tibetans as ཕ་ཡུལ (pha yul)
  • the Welsh as Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau, 'the ancient land of my fathers'

Romance languages

In Romance languages, a common way to refer to one's home country is Patria/Pátria/Patrie which has the same connotation as Fatherland, that is, the nation of our parents/fathers (From the Latin, Pater, father). As patria has feminine gender, it is usually used in expressions related to one's mother, as in Italian la Madrepatria, Spanish la Madre Patria or Portuguese a Pátria Mãe (Mother Fatherland). Examples include:

Multiple references to parental forms

  • the Armenians, as Hayrenik (Հայրենիք), home. The national anthem Mer Hayrenik translates as Our Fatherland
  • the Azerbaijanis as Ana vətən (lit. mother homeland) or Ata ocağı (lit. father's hearth)
  • the Bosniaks as Otadžbina (Отаџбина), although Domovina (Домовина) is sometimes used colloquially meaning homeland
  • the
    traditional chinese
    ), "land of ancestors"), zǔguómǔqīn (祖国母亲 or 祖國母親, "ancestral land, the mother") is frequently used.
  • the Czechs as vlast, power or (rarely) otčina, fatherland
  • the Hungarians as szülőföld (literally: "bearing land" or "parental land")
  • the Indians as मातृभूमि literally meaning "motherland"
  • the Kurds as warê bav û kalan meaning "land of the fathers and the grandfathers"
  • the Japanese as sokoku (祖国, "land of ancestors")
  • the Koreans as joguk (조국, Hanja: 祖國, "land of ancestors")
  • French speakers: Patrie, although they also use la mère patrie, which includes the idea of motherland
  • the Latvians as tēvija or tēvzeme (although dzimtene – roughly translated as "place that somebody grew up" – is more neutral and used more commonly nowadays)
  • the Burmese as အမိမြေ (ami-myay) literally meaning "motherland"
  • the
    Persians
    as Sarzamin e Pedari (Fatherland), Sarzamin e Mādari (Motherland) or Mihan (Home)
  • the Poles as ojczyzna (ojczyzna is derived from ojciec, Polish for father, but ojczyzna itself and Polska are feminine, so it can also be translated as motherland), also an archaism macierz "mother" is rarely used.
  • the Russians, as Otechestvo (отечество) or Otchizna (отчизна), both words derived from отец, Russian for father. Otechestvo is neuter, otchizna is feminine.
  • the Slovenes as očetnjava, although domovina (homeland) is more common.
  • the
    Swedes
    as fäderneslandet, although fosterlandet is more common (meaning the land that fostered/raised a person)
  • the Vietnamese as Tổ quốc (Chữ Nôm: 祖國, "land of ancestors")

Uses by country

Land of one's home

In some languages, there are additional words that refer specifically to the place where one is home to, but is narrower in scope than one's nation, and often have some sort of nostalgic, fantastic, heritage connection, for example:

  • In German language, heimat.
  • In Japanese language, kokyō, or, furusato (故郷), or kyōdo (郷土).
  • In Chinese languages, 故乡; 故鄉; gùxiāng or 家乡; 家鄉; jiāxiāng.
  • In Vietnamese language, cố hương.
  • In Korean language, 고향, gohyang, 故鄕.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Definition of Homeland". merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 23 December 2018.
  2. ^ Pitroipa, Abdel (14 July 2010). "Ces tirailleurs sénégalais qui ont combattu pour la France". L'Express (in French). Retrieved 14 August 2019.
  3. .
  4. ^ Anthon, Charles (1867). Eneid of Virgil.
  5. ^ "Definition of FATHERLAND". merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 8 January 2019.
  6. Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. Archived
    from the original on 11 May 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
  7. ^ .
  8. ^ .
  9. . What we have to fight for is the freedom and independence of the fatherland, so that our people may be enabled to fulfill the mission assigned to it by the creator
  10. . There is a road to freedom. Its milestones are Obedience, Endeavor, Honesty, Order, Cleanliness, Sobriety, Truthfulness, Sacrifice, and love of the Fatherland.
  11. ^ Wilhelmus-YouTube
  12. ^ Vaterland-YouTube
  13. ^ "Ziemia Ojców". 16 April 2012.
  14. ^ "Ziemia Ojców Naszych". Archived from the original on 14 May 2016. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  15. ^ Noonan, Peggy (14 June 2002). "OpinionJournal – Peggy Noonan". Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 8 September 2007. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  16. ^ "The Encyclopedia of Aboriginal Australia". 1994. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  17. . Retrieved 2 August 2020.

Further reading

External links