Demographics of Gibraltar
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Demographic features of the population of
Ethnic origins
One of the main features of
Spanish
The majority of the Spanish population in Gibraltar (about 5000), with few exceptions, left Gibraltar when the Dutch and English took the city in 1704. The few
Menorcans began migrating to Gibraltar at the beginning of the common British rule in 1713, thanks to the links between both British possessions during the 18th century. Initially, Menorcans came to Gibraltar looking for work in several trades, especially when Gibraltar was rebuilt after the 1783 Grand Siege. Immigration continued even after Menorca (the original English name was "Minorca") was returned to Spain in 1802 by the Treaty of Amiens.[2][3]
Together, Gibraltarians of
British
Britons have come and settled or gone since the first days of the conquest. One group of Britons have had temporary residence in Gibraltar (to work in the administration and the garrison). This group, who represented a larger proportion in the beginning of the British period, are nowadays only about 3% of the total population (around 1,000 persons).
A larger group is formed by the Britons who moved to Gibraltar and settled down. Some of them, since the beginning, moved to Gibraltar to earn a living as traders and workers. Others moved to Gibraltar on a temporary assignment and then married local women. Major construction projects, such as the dockyard in the late 1890s and early 20th century brought large numbers of workers from Great Britain.
13% of Gibraltarian residents are from the United Kingdom proper and the electoral roll shows that 27% of Gibraltar's population has British surnames.[5]
Genoese and other Italians
Genoese came during the 18th and 19th centuries, especially from the poorer parts of Liguria, some of them annually following fishing shoals, as repairmen for the British navy, or as successful traders and merchants;[6] many others came during the Napoleonic period to avoid obligatory conscription to the French Army.[7] Genoese formed the larger group of the new population in the 18th century and middle 19th century. Other Italians came from islands like Sardinia and Sicily. Nowadays, people with Genoese/Italian last names represent about 20% of the population.
Portuguese
Portuguese were one of the earliest groups to move to Gibraltar, especially from the Algarve region in the far south of Portugal.[8] Most of them went to work as labourers and some as traders. Their number increased significantly during the 18th century.[9] Interestingly, in 1814 out of 49 lightermen, 43 were from Portugal and they were part of a community comprising around 650 working men aged 17 and above.[10] A notable example of the Portuguese presence in Gibraltair is the existence, in the territory, of an example of calçada portuguesa.[11]
A further increase in the community occurred when many Spaniards left their jobs in Gibraltar after General Franco closed the border in 1969. In the 1970s and 1980s many Portuguese worked in Gibraltar, especially in construction.[12] Even today many Portuguese still live in the territory and many are still working in the construction sector, both working inbuilding sites and importing material from Portugal.[13][14][15][16][17] As of 2023, for instance, a Portuguese company was in charge of building the tallest building in Gibraltar.[18]
About 10% of last names in Gibraltar have Portuguese origin; the Portuguese are part of a wider Portuguese-speaking community comprising also Luso-Indians and Brazilians.[19][20] Moreover, today there are around 500 Portuguese who live in La Línea de la Concepción and commute to Gibraltar for work every day.[21] A notable Luso-Gibraltarian is football player Bernardo Lopes.[22]
Moroccans
Moroccans have always had a significant presence in Gibraltar. However, the modern community has more recent origins. Moroccans began arriving in Gibraltar soon after the Spanish government imposed the first restrictions on Spanish workers in Gibraltar in 1964. By the end of 1968 there were at least 1,300 Moroccan workers resident in Gibraltar and this more than doubled following the final closure of the frontier with Spain in June 1969.[23] There is also a significant number of
Other groups
Other groups include:
- Malta was in the same imperial route to the east as Gibraltar. Maltese people came to Gibraltar when jobs were scarce at home, or to escape the law in Malta.[26]
- forbidden in Catholic Spain, right after the British occupation in 1704. Also a significant number of Jews from London settled in Gibraltar, especially since the Great Siege.[27]
- Indians, came as merchants after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1870; many others migrated as workers after the closure of the frontier with Spain in 1969 to replace Spanish ones.[28]
- French, many of whom came after the French Revolution in 1789, set up trade and commerce.[7]
National censuses
2012 census
The composition of the population by nationality at the 2012 census was as follows:[29][30]
Nationality | Number | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Gibraltarian | 25,444 | 79.03% |
Other British | 4,249 | 13.20% |
Moroccan | 522 | 1.62% |
Spanish | 675 | 2.10% |
Other EU | 785 | 2.44% |
Other | 519 | 1.61% |
Total | 32,194 | 100% |
2001 census
The composition of the population by nationality at the 2001 census was as follows:[31]
Nationality | Number | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Gibraltarian | 22,882 | 83.22% |
Other British | 2,627 | 9.55% |
Moroccan | 961 | 3.50% |
Spanish | 326 | 1.19% |
Other EU | 275 | 1.00% |
Other | 424 | 1.54% |
Total | 27,495 | 100% |
Population overview
The population of Gibraltar was 29,752 in 2011.[32]
Vital statistics
Average population | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1934 | 17,000 | 448 | 279 | 169 | 26.4 | 16.4 | 9.9 |
1935 | 18,000 | 457 | 338 | 119 | 25.4 | 18.8 | 6.6 |
1936 | 18,000 | 476 | 355 | 121 | 26.4 | 19.7 | 6.7 |
1937 | 19,000 | 491 | 366 | 125 | 25.8 | 19.3 | 6.6 |
1938 | 19,000 | 488 | 335 | 153 | 25.7 | 17.6 | 8.1 |
1939 | 19,000 | 508 | 345 | 163 | 26.7 | 18.2 | 8.6 |
19401 | 14,000 | 241 | 326 | -85 | 17.2 | 23.3 | -6.1 |
19411 | 10,000 | 4 | 94 | -90 | 0.4 | 9.4 | -9.0 |
19421 | 10,000 | 1 | 145 | -144 | 0.1 | 14.5 | -14.4 |
19431 | 10,000 | 3 | 130 | -127 | 0.3 | 13.0 | -12.7 |
19441 | 15,000 | 50 | 126 | -76 | 3.3 | 8.4 | -5.1 |
1945 | 20,000 | 614 | 192 | 422 | 30.7 | 9.6 | 21.1 |
1946 | 21,000 | 449 | 206 | 224 | 21.4 | 9.8 | 10.7 |
1947 | 22,000 | 471 | 184 | 246 | 21.4 | 8.4 | 11.2 |
1948 | 23,000 | 491 | 211 | 280 | 21.3 | 9.2 | 12.2 |
1949 | 23,000 | 525 | 215 | 310 | 22.8 | 9.3 | 13.5 |
1950 | 23,000 | 459 | 207 | 252 | 20.0 | 9.0 | 11.0 |
1951 | 23,000 | 544 | 285 | 259 | 23.7 | 12.4 | 11.3 |
1952 | 23,000 | 551 | 226 | 325 | 24.0 | 9.8 | 14.1 |
1953 | 23,000 | 525 | 228 | 297 | 22.8 | 9.9 | 12.9 |
1954 | 24,000 | 566 | 235 | 331 | 23.6 | 9.8 | 13.8 |
1955 | 24,000 | 561 | 224 | 337 | 23.4 | 9.3 | 14.0 |
1956 | 24,000 | 571 | 227 | 344 | 23.8 | 9.5 | 14.3 |
1957 | 24,000 | 550 | 250 | 300 | 22.9 | 10.4 | 12.5 |
1958 | 24,000 | 600 | 219 | 381 | 25.0 | 9.1 | 15.9 |
1959 | 24,000 | 550 | 231 | 319 | 22.9 | 9.6 | 13.3 |
1960 | 24,000 | 616 | 221 | 395 | 25.7 | 9.2 | 16.5 |
1961 | 23,900 | 560 | 241 | 319 | 23.4 | 10.1 | 13.3 |
1962 | 24,100 | 561 | 212 | 349 | 23.3 | 8.8 | 14.5 |
1963 | 24,300 | 642 | 182 | 460 | 26.4 | 7.5 | 18.9 |
1964 | 24,500 | 629 | 222 | 407 | 25.7 | 9.1 | 16.6 |
1965 | 25,300 | 679 | 243 | 436 | 26.8 | 9.6 | 17.2 |
1966 | 25,400 | 597 | 204 | 393 | 23.5 | 8.0 | 15.5 |
1967 | 25,700 | 535 | 244 | 291 | 20.8 | 9.5 | 11.3 |
1968 | 25,900 | 542 | 216 | 326 | 20.9 | 8.3 | 12.6 |
1969 | 26,200 | 557 | 246 | 311 | 21.3 | 9.4 | 11.9 |
1970 | 26,500 | 573 | 268 | 305 | 21.6 | 10.1 | 11.5 |
1971 | 28,000 | 594 | 238 | 356 | 21.2 | 8.5 | 12.7 |
1972 | 29,000 | 581 | 244 | 337 | 20.0 | 8.4 | 11.6 |
1973 | 29,600 | 536 | 244 | 292 | 18.1 | 8.2 | 9.9 |
1974 | 29,000 | 575 | 204 | 371 | 19.8 | 7.0 | 12.8 |
1975 | 29,700 | 525 | 231 | 294 | 17.7 | 7.8 | 9.9 |
1976 | 30,000 | 510 | 253 | 247 | 17.0 | 8.8 | 8.2 |
1977 | 30,100 | 506 | 248 | 258 | 16.8 | 8.2 | 8.6 |
1978 | 29,400 | 520 | 253 | 267 | 17.7 | 8.6 | 9.1 |
1979 | 29,700 | 472 | 257 | 215 | 15.9 | 8.7 | 7.2 |
1980 | 29,700 | 550 | 282 | 268 | 18.5 | 9.5 | 9.0 |
1981 | 29,700 | 511 | 231 | 280 | 17.2 | 7.8 | 9.4 |
1982 | 29,500 | 566 | 223 | 343 | 19.2 | 7.6 | 11.6 |
1983 | 29,100 | 510 | 252 | 258 | 17.5 | 8.7 | 8.9 |
1984 | 28,800 | 506 | 265 | 241 | 17.6 | 9.2 | 8.4 |
1985 | 28,600 | 498 | 276 | 222 | 17.4 | 9.7 | 7.8 |
1986 | 29,000 | 507 | 290 | 217 | 17.5 | 10.0 | 7.5 |
1987 | 29,500 | 531 | 217 | 314 | 18.0 | 7.4 | 10.6 |
1988 | 30,100 | 523 | 293 | 230 | 17.4 | 9.7 | 7.6 |
1989 | 30,700 | 530 | 219 | 311 | 17.3 | 7.1 | 10.1 |
1990 | 30,900 | 531 | 279 | 252 | 17.2 | 9.0 | 8.2 |
1991 | 30,000 | 567 | 255 | 312 | 18.9 | 8.5 | 10.4 |
1992 | 28,800 | 569 | 205 | 364 | 19.7 | 7.1 | 12.6 |
1993 | 28,100 | 518 | 275 | 243 | 18.5 | 9.8 | 8.7 |
1994 | 27,100 | 509 | 261 | 248 | 18.8 | 9.6 | 9.1 |
1995 | 27,200 | 435 | 205 | 230 | 16.0 | 7.5 | 8.5 |
1996 | 27,100 | 445 | 221 | 224 | 16.4 | 8.2 | 8.3 |
1997 | 27,200 | 427 | 263 | 164 | 15.7 | 9.7 | 6.0 |
1998 | 27,000 | 411 | 267 | 144 | 15.2 | 9.9 | 5.3 |
1999 | 27,200 | 381 | 277 | 104 | 14.0 | 10.2 | 3.8 |
2000 | 27,000 | 408 | 262 | 146 | 15.1 | 9.7 | 5.4 |
2001 | 28,200 | 374 | 249 | 125 | 13.2 | 8.8 | 4.4 |
2002 | 28,500 | 371 | 242 | 129 | 13.0 | 8.5 | 4.5 |
2003 | 28,600 | 372 | 234 | 138 | 13.0 | 8.2 | 4.8 |
2004 | 28,800 | 421 | 242 | 179 | 14.6 | 8.4 | 6.2 |
2005 | 28,800 | 418 | 249 | 169 | 14.5 | 8.7 | 5.9 |
2006 | 28,900 | 373 | 230 | 143 | 12.9 | 8.0 | 5.0 |
2007 | 29,300 | 400 | 202 | 198 | 13.7 | 6.9 | 6.8 |
2008 | 29,300 | 400 | 227 | 173 | 13.7 | 7.8 | 5.9 |
2009 | 29,400 | 417 | 234 | 183 | 14.2 | 8.0 | 6.2 |
2010 | 29,441 | 493 | 231 | 262 | 16.7 | 7.8 | 8.9 |
2011 | 29,752 | 442 | 241 | 201 | 14.9 | 8.1 | 6.8 |
2012 | 461 | 264 | 197 | 15.4 | 8.8 | 6.6 | |
2013 | 426 | 230 | 196 | 13.0 | 7.0 | 6.0 | |
2015 | 492 | 235 | 257 | 14.7 | 7.0 | 7.7 | |
2016 | 424 | 249 | 175 | 12.5 | 7.3 | 5.2 | |
2017 | 286 | ||||||
2018 | 315 | ||||||
2019 | 268 | ||||||
2020 | 270 |
1During World War II a large part of the civilian population (including most women) were evacuated.
Structure of the population
Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 16 061 | 16 133 | 32 194 | 100 |
0–4 | 982 | 970 | 1 952 | 6.06 |
5–9 | 967 | 927 | 1 894 | 5.88 |
10–14 | 1 050 | 937 | 1 987 | 6.17 |
15–19 | 1 038 | 959 | 1 997 | 6.20 |
20–24 | 1 042 | 986 | 2 028 | 6.30 |
25–29 | 999 | 986 | 1 985 | 6.17 |
30–34 | 1 107 | 1 047 | 2 154 | 6.69 |
35–39 | 1 080 | 1 137 | 2 217 | 6.89 |
40–44 | 1 076 | 1 122 | 2 198 | 6.83 |
45–49 | 1 203 | 1 181 | 2 384 | 7.41 |
50–54 | 1 072 | 1 086 | 2 158 | 6.70 |
55–59 | 1 054 | 987 | 2 041 | 6.34 |
60–64 | 1 034 | 920 | 1 954 | 6.07 |
65-69 | 853 | 802 | 1 655 | 5.14 |
70-74 | 563 | 613 | 1 176 | 3.65 |
75-79 | 456 | 565 | 1 021 | 3.17 |
80-84 | 297 | 435 | 732 | 2.27 |
85-89 | 141 | 296 | 437 | 1.36 |
90-94 | 37 | 143 | 180 | 0.56 |
95-99 | 10 | 29 | 39 | 0.12 |
100+ | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0.02 |
Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
0–14 | 2 999 | 2 834 | 5 833 | 18.12 |
15–64 | 10 705 | 10 411 | 21 116 | 65.59 |
65+ | 2 357 | 2 888 | 5 245 | 16.29 |
CIA World Factbook demographic statistics
The following demographic statistics are from the
Population age
0-14 years:
17.2% (male 2,460; female 2,343)
15-64 years:
66.3% (male 9,470; female 9,070)
65 years and over:
16.5% (male 2,090; female 2,534) (2007 est.)[35]
Sex ratio
At birth:
1.06 males/female
0-14 years:
1.05 males/female
15-64 years:
1.044 males/female
65 years and over:
0.825 males/female
total population:
1.005 males/female (2007 est.)[35]
The median age is:
total: 40.3 years
male: 39.8 years
female: 40.7 years (2008 est.)[35]
Life expectancy
total population:
79.93 years
male:
77.05 years
female:
82.96 years (2007 est.)[35]
Fertility
1.95 children born/woman (2007 est.)[35]
Infant mortality
total:
4.98 deaths/1,000 live births
male:
5.54 deaths/1,000 live births
female:
4.39 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)[35]
Nationality
noun:
Gibraltarian(s)
adjective:
Gibraltar
Religions
This section needs to be updated.(January 2016) |
Languages
Literacy
definition:
NA
total population:
above 80%
male:
NA%
female:
NA%
Notes
- ^ "Spaniards in Gibraltar" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2006.
- ISBN 0-948466-14-6.: "The open frontier helped to increase the Spanish share, and naval links with Minorca produced the small Minorcan contingent."
- ISBN 978-0-415-34796-9.
- ^ Archer, Edward G.: Gibraltar, identity and empire, page 43. Routledge Advances in European Politics.
- ^ Archer, Edward G.: Gibraltar, identity and empire, page 40. Routledge Advances in European Politics.
- ^ Archer, Edward G.: Gibraltar, identity and empire, page 37. Routledge Advances in European Politics.
- ^ a b Levey, David: Language change and variation in Gibraltar, page 24. John Benjamins Publishing Company.
- ^ "A emigração de Algarvios para Gibraltar e Sudoeste da Andaluzia".
- JSTOR 41450744.
- ISBN 978-1-136-00550-3.
- ^ Rodrigues, Andreia (2021-11-15). "Estremadura reconhece a calçada portuguesa em Badajoz". El Trapezio (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2023-10-13.
- ^ Rodrigues, Hugo (2016-02-23). "Aeroclube do Algarve seeks to rebuild itself to continue serving the region". Sul Informação. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
- ^ "'Brexit'. "Londres sabe que Gibraltar precisa de um vínculo pragmático com a União Europeia"". Expresso (in Portuguese). 2020-08-31. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
- ^ Romaguera, Cándido (2013-10-23). "Gibraltar sidesteps Spanish import embargo for land reclamation works". EL PAÍS English. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
- ^ "Trabalhadores portugueses do setor da construção civil em Gibraltar contagiados". www.dn.pt (in European Portuguese). 2021-11-18. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
- ^ "Portugueses no Mundo de 29 jan 2019 - RTP Play - RTP". RTP Play (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-10-13.
- ^ "Comércio Internacional de mercadorias de Portugal".
- ^ "Portuguese group builds tallest building in Gibraltar". www.theportugalnews.com. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
- ^ Archer, Edward G.: Gibraltar, identity and empire, page 41. Routledge Advances in European Politics.
- ^ Oureana, Fundação Historico Cultural (2023-09-21). "Fundação Oureana recordou em Gibraltar os 80 anos da morte do General Władysław Sikorski, Primeiro-Ministro da Polônia". Fundação Histórico-Cultural Oureana (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-10-13.
- ^ Lusa, Agência. "Brexit. Pairam incertezas em ambos os lados da fronteira de Gibraltar". Observador (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-10-13.
- ^ "Bernardo Lopes é português mas representa seleção de Gibraltar: «Sinto-me em casa»". www.record.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-10-13.
- ^ "Sussex Migration Briefing - Steps to resolving the situation of Moroccans in Gibraltar" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2011-06-07.
- ^ Legal 500, 2009
- ^ Nash, Elizabeth (2 July 1997). "Obituary: Sir Joshua Hassan". The Independent. Archived from the original on 18 August 2010. Retrieved 23 November 2009.
- ^ Archer, Edward G.: Gibraltar, identity and empire, page 44. Routledge Advances in European Politics.
- ^ Archer, Edward G.: Gibraltar, identity and empire, page 38. Routledge Advances in European Politics.
- ^ Archer, Edward G.: Gibraltar, identity and empire, page 45. Routledge Advances in European Politics.
- ^ "Census of Gibraltar 2012" (PDF). Government of Gibraltar.
- ^ "Full Census Report 2012 - Government of Gibraltar". www.gibraltar.gov.gi. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-01-12.
- ^ a b "Census of Gibraltar 2001" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-03-29. Retrieved 2012-04-10.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-09-28. Retrieved 2011-03-06.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "United Nations Statistics Division - Demographic and Social Statistics". unstats.un.org.
- ^ "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics". unstats.un.org. Retrieved 2023-05-10.
- ^ a b c d e f "Intute". Jisc.