Ethnic hatred
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Ethnic hatred, inter-ethnic hatred, racial hatred, or ethnic tension refers to notions and acts of
There are multiple origins of ethnic
Various political leaders have exploited and even fueled ethnic hatred in the service of their desire to consolidate their power or make electoral gains by calling for the formation of a united front against a common enemy (real or imaginary).[1]
An example of ethnic hatred is the reported animosity towards the Romani people in Europe. The Romani people, also known as Gypsies, are one of the most marginalized and persecuted ethnic groups in Europe.[2]
Role of the media
Media persuasion plays a role in the dissemination of
There are two types of persuasion: direct and indirect. Direct persuasion with regard to mass media exponentially expands hatred that leads to violence against ethnic groups. Indirect persuasion exports hatred and directs behavior towards the execution of violence.[3]
The continuous use of mass media as an apparatus to spread negative image of ethnic groups is seen throughout variations of history. Most media hate speech that amplified worldwide attention are experienced in Rwanda and Yugoslavia. Also, media's control of hate speech that Nazi and fascist parties manipulate agitate and attract followers into advocating for hatred and violence.[4] Today, social media plays a role in ethnic conflicts in Kenya. Ethnicity is a big part in determining voting patterns in Kenya; however, many associate ethnicity with grievances that mobilize patterns of differences, hatred, and violence.[5]
Propaganda
Along with mass media, propaganda plays as much role in distributing messages in terms of ethnic hatred. Propaganda is highly associated with totalitarian regimes in the twentieth century such as
However, empirical research casts doubt on the role of propaganda in inciting hatred, finding that it is much less able to change minds than is often assumed. For example, a 2017 review of literature says: "First, propaganda often fails. To take the example of
See also
- Discrimination
- Ethnic cleansing
- Ethnic violence
- Ethnocentrism
- Ethnocide
- Fundamentalism
- Genocide
- Hate crime
- Nativism (politics)
- Oppression
- Persecution
- Racism
- Religious discrimination
- Religious fanaticism
- Religious intolerance
- Religious persecution
- Religious segregation
- Religious violence
- Sectarianism
- Sectarian violence
- Supremacism
- World on Fire
- Xenophobia
- Anti-Romani sentiment
- Antisemitism
- Islamophobia
References
- ^ Using Ethnic Hatred to Meet Political Ends (about ethnic problems in Indian subcontinent)
- ^ "Why are Roma also hated?". 15 April 2019. Archived from the original on 21 October 2020. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
- ^ ISBN 9780199378296.
- ISSN 2039-2117.
- ^ Ndonye, Michael M. "Social Media, Ethnic hatred and Peace Journalism: Case of Twitter and FaceBook use in Kenya".
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(help) - ^ ISBN 978-0-7486-4415-5.)
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: CS1 maint: location (link - ^ Mercier, H. (2017). How gullible are we? A review of the evidence from psychology and social science. Review of General Psychology, 21(2), 103-122.https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/gpr0000111