Ethotoin

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Ethotoin
Skeletal formula of ethotoin
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.comConsumer Drug Information
MedlinePlusa682022
Pregnancy
category
  • C
Routes of
administration		By mouth (tablets)
ATC code
Pharmacokinetic data
Elimination half-life3–9 hours
Identifiers
  • 3-Ethyl-5-phenyl-imidazolidine-2,4-dione
JSmol)
  • O=C2NC(c1ccccc1)C(=O)N2CC
  • InChI=1S/C11H12N2O2/c1-2-13-10(14)9(12-11(13)15)8-6-4-3-5-7-8/h3-7,9H,2H2,1H3,(H,12,15) checkY
  • Key:SZQIFWWUIBRPBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  (verify)

Ethotoin (previously marketed as Peganone) is an anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment of epilepsy.[1] It is a hydantoin, similar to phenytoin. It is not available in the United States.

Mechanism of action

The mechanism of action of ethotoin is similar to that of phenytoin.[citation needed]

Approval history

  • 1957 Peganone was granted Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval to Abbott Laboratories for treatment of grand mal (tonic clonic) and partial complex (psychomotor) seizures.
  • 2003 Peganone was acquired from Abbott Laboratories by Ovation Pharmaceuticals (specialty pharmaceutical company who acquire underpromoted branded pharmaceutical products).
  • 2018 It was announced by Recordati Rare Diseases Inc. that due to a combination of low product demand and complex manufacturing difficulties, product manufacturing, distribution and sale was being discontinued.

Indications and usage

Ethotoin is indicated for tonic-clonic and partial complex seizures.[2]

Dosing

Ethotoin is available in 250 mg tablets.[3][4] It is taken orally in 4 to 6 divided doses per day, preferably after food.

Side effects

Side effects include ataxia, visual disturbances, rash, and gastrointestinal problems.[citation needed]

Chemistry

Ethotoin is synthesized by the reaction of benzaldehyde oxynitrile (2) with urea or ammonium bicarbonate, which forms an intermediate urea derivative (3) which on acidic conditions cyclizes to 5-phenylhydantoin (4).[5] Alkylation of this product using ethyl iodide leads to the formation of ethotoin (5).

Synthesis of ethotoin

References

  1. PMID 13317788
    .
  2. ISBN 0-632-06046-8
    .
  3. ^ "Ethotoin". drugs.com.
  4. ^ "PEGANONE 250 mg Ethotoin Tablets, USP" (PDF).
  5. ^ A. Pinner, Chem. Ber., 21, 2324 (1888); W.J. Close, U.S. patent 2,793,157 (1946)
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