Etnachta
| etnahta | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||
| cantillation | |||||||
| Sof passuk | ׃ | paseq |
׀ | ||||
| etnakhta/atnakh | ֑ | segol |
֒ | ||||
| shalshelet | ֓ | zaqef qaton | ֔ | ||||
| zaqef gadol | ֕ | tifcha/tarkha | ֖ | ||||
rivia/ravia’ |
֗ | zarqa | ֘ | ||||
| pashta | ֙ | yetiv | ֚ | ||||
| tevir | ֛ | geresh/gerish | ֜ | ||||
geresh muqdam ] |
֝ | gershayim/shenei gerishin | ֞ | ||||
| karnei pharah | ֟ | telisha gedola/talsha | ֠ | ||||
| pazer (gadol) | ֡ | atnah hafukh ] |
֢ | ||||
| munakh/shofar holekh | ֣ | mahapakh/shofar mehupakh | ֤ | ||||
| merkha/ma’arikh | ֥ | merkha kefula/terei ta’amei | ֦ | ||||
| darga | ֧ | qadma |
֨ | ||||
| telisha qetana/tarsa | ֩ | yerah ben yomo |
֪ | ||||
| ole | ֫ | illuy | ֬ | ||||
dehi ] |
֭ | zinor | ֮ | ||||
Etnachta (Hebrew: אֶתְנַחְתָּא, with variant English spellings) is one of the most common
The Etnachta group marks the end of the first segment of a verse.[1] Therefore, it never occurs more than once in a single verse.
An example is in the first verse of the Book of Genesis, the statement that God created is marked with an Etnachta, showing the completion of God’s creation.[2]
The Hebrew word אֶתְנַחְתָּא translates into English as pause. This name is given because of its central location within a verse.
The Etnachta group
The following variations of the Etnachta group can occur:[3]
- Mercha, Tipcha, Munach, Etnachta
- Mercha, Tipcha, Etnachta
- Tipcha, Munach, Etnachta
- Tipcha, Etnachta
- Munach, Etnachta
- Etnachta
In other words, the Tipcha can occur without a Mercha, but not vice versa. The Etnachta can occur without Munach, but not vice versa. And the Etnachta can occur without a Tipcha, but not vice versa.
The Munach is normally included when the word bearing the Munach is closely related to the word bearing the Etnachta.[4]
Total occurrences
| Book | Number of appearances |
|---|---|
| Torah | 5483[5] |
| Genesis | 1466[5] |
| Exodus | 1145[5] |
| Leviticus | 813[5] |
| Numbers | 1151[5] |
| Deuteronomy | 908[5] |
| Nevi'im | 4796[6] |
| Ketuvim | 2933[6] |
Melody
References
- ^ Chanting the Hebrew Bible By Joshua R. Jacobson, page 167
- ^ Aspects of Jewish Metarational Thought By Martin Sicker, page 61
- ^ The Art of Cantillation, Volume 2: A Step-By-Step Guide to Chanting Haftarot … By Marshall Portnoy, Josée Wolff, page 12
- ^ Chanting the Hebrew Bible By Joshua R. Jacobson, page 144
- ^ a b c d e f Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible: Concordance ..., Volume 1 By James D. Price, page 6
- ^ a b Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible: Concordance ..., Volume 1 By James D. Price, page 5