Eugenio Scalfari
Eugenio Scalfari Turin | |
---|---|
Personal details | |
Born | Civitavecchia, Italy | 6 April 1924
Died | 14 July 2022 Rome, Italy | (aged 98)
Political party | PNF (1942–1943) PLI (1945–1955) PR (1955–1962) PSI (1962–1972) |
Spouses | Simonetta De Benedetti
(m. 1950; died 2006)Serena Rossetti (m. 2008) |
Children | Two daughters |
Residence(s) | Velletri, Lazio, Italy |
Alma mater | University of Genoa |
Profession | Journalist Founder of La Repubblica |
Eugenio Scalfari (Italian:
Early life and education
Scalfari was born in
In July 2021, about his lasting friendship with Calvino, which included discussions around books, the first girls, the exchange of letters, the evenings at the pool table, and the National Fascist Party Saturday marches, he recalled: "My adolescence began when I was fifteen in Sanremo: I think back to that age of life as I leaf through the Meridian which collects my books. First class of high school. The 'band', as immediately we baptized, the first trimester of school was formed."[8] Philosophically, Scalfari underwent three phases: Benedetto Croce, the Age of Enlightenment, and the discovery of Friedrich Nietzsche. He was also influenced by Marcel Proust and Rainer Maria Rilke.[9] An intellectual of Pannunzian training, he always supported and defended secularism in the politics of the Italian state.[6]
Career
In 1942 Scalfari, then a law student at the Sapienza University of Rome, joined the National Fascist Party and the Fascist University Groups (GUF) and started to cooperate with the local GUF magazine Roma Fascista, of which he eventually became editor-in-chief.[10][11] He also worked with other Fascist publications like the Nuovo Occidente magazine.[11] He was later expelled from the Fascist Party and dismissed from his journalistic positions in 1943 by order of party secretary Carlo Scorza after he had published unsubstantiated articles about alleged real estate speculations of some Fascist hierarchs in the construction of the EUR.[12]
After his law graduation, Scalfari resumed his journalistic career in 1950 and worked for the influential post-war news magazines Il Mondo led by Mario Pannunzio and L'Europeo of Arrigo Benedetti.[5][6] In 1955, as part of the Amici del Mondo group,[5][6] he was among the founders of the Radical Party,[13]: 747 [14] of which he served as the national vice-secretary from 1958 to 1963.[5][6]
In October 1955, jointly with Benedetti, Scalfari co-founded one of Italy's foremost news magazines L'Espresso with capital from the progressive industrialist Adriano Olivetti, manufacturer of Olivetti typewriters.[13]: 290, 980 The experienced Benedetti, who had directed L'Europeo (1945–1954), was the first editor-in-chief until 1963, when he handed over to Scalfari,[15] who served as the administrative director and collaborator for the economy of L'Espresso until 1962. As an expert in financial mechanisms, Scalfari became the first Italian director manager.[14] From 1963 to 1968, he was the editor of L'Espresso, of which he was also its vice-chairman.[6] From 1970 to 1975, he was also managing director of the L'Espresso publishing company.[5] In January 2016, he recalled that his journalistic career began with his dismissal by Banca Nazionale del Lavoro after his publication of an article.[16]
In January 1976, the
From 1984 to 1992, the newspaper played a role in the evolution of
In February 1978, about a month before the
Reporting
As a journalist, Scalfari was especially active in investigative reporting, uncovering illegal right-wing activities and major government cover-ups.
Among Scalfari's other notable reporting were his interviews and meetings with
Politics
Initially, like many Italians of the time, Scalfari was a committed but non-aligned
Within the PSI, his paper
Political positions
A
Under Scalfari, the paper used to be known for its critical stand vis-à-vis the Catholic Church,[50] a position that changed after the onset of the papacy of Pope Francis,[51] whom Scalfari compared to the former Italian Communist Party leader Enrico Berlinguer. He wrote that "Enrico Berlinguer had a somewhat similar role in Italian politics (and not only) to the one Pope Francis is having today in the Catholic religion (and not only). Both followed a path of reformism so radical as to produce revolutionary effects; both were loved and respected even by their adversaries; both had a charisma that grasped reality and fueled a dream."[52]
After the acquisition of La Repubblica by John Elkann in April 2020, Scalfari warned the paper not to move away from its liberal-socialist positions, which he described thusly: "I have always believed in a liberal socialism, capable of uniting equality and reformism ... at the forefront in guiding the country and Europe in this direction."[44] Critics described the appointment of Maurizio Molinari as the editor-in-chief and other related changes, which led several journalists including Carlo De Benedetti to leave the paper, as the de-Scalfarization of the paper.[53]
Personal life and death
In 1950, Scalfari married Simonetta De Benedetti, daughter of the journalist
Scalfari died on 14 July 2022, at the age of 98.[62][63] His death came during the 2022 Italian government crisis.[64] Upon Scalfari's death, Pope Francis remembered him as a "laical friend".[65] Among others, the paper's editor-in-chief Maurizio Molinari,[44][66] the paper's owner John Elkann,[67][68] La Stampa editor-in-chief Massimo Giannini ,[69] La Stampa and La Repubblica journalist Ezio Mauro,[70][71] Democratic Party politicians like Enrico Letta and Walter Veltroni,[72][73][74] and the paper's journalists and readers paid tribute to Scalfari,[75][76][77] as did all major Italian institutional figures,[78] and international figures like Bernard Guetta and France's Le Monde,[79] as well as Spain's El País.[80] Italy's Senate of the Republic held a minute of silence.[81] La Repubblica published a special issue in his honour.[82]
Legacy
A popular journalist who revolutionized the profession in Italy,[63] for his collaborator, Paolo Mauri , "[Scalfari's] great revolution was to put literature, art, the debate of ideas at the centre, even physical", of La Repubblica.[83] Fellow journalist Michele Serra described him as "the last giant of classic journalism".[84] In the words of Marco Ruffolo , Scalfari's main challenge, which he extended to journalism as a whole, was the checking of power.[85] La Repubblica commented that Scalfari "changed the way of telling the country. Until the end he continued to write about philosophy, literature, and politics."[86]
Lucio Caracciolo , the founder of the geopolitics magazine Limes, described La Repubblica as an absolute monarchy, with Scalfari as its enlightened king, and praised him for his way to handle important personalities with his charisma.[87] Italian politician Giorgio La Malfa remembered how Scalfari helped Pietro Ingrao to enter into a dialogue with his father, Ugo La Malfa. He commented that Scalfari was right about Bettino Craxi but not Enrico Berlinguer, and said that "Eugenio Scalfari was a great journalist, obsessed with his creature to the point of sacrificing everything. But even though he is convinced that he has the same political talent, he hasn't always seen far, he has made serious mistakes, as with Berlinguer."[88]
Books
In the 1950s, Scalfari was the author of some publications of a political-economic nature that appeared in the series "Convegni degli amici del Mondo" (Rapporto sul neocapitalismo italiano; Potere economico in Urss).[5][6] He was the author of numerous books, ranging from philosophical, historical, political, and religious works to novels, including L'autunno della Repubblica (1969),[13][14] Razza padrona (1974, co-authored with Giuseppe Turani ),[6] Interviste ai potenti (1979), Come andremo a incominciare (1981, co-authored with Enzo Biagi),[6] L'anno di Craxi (1984),[14] La sera andavamo in via Veneto. Storia di un gruppo dal "Mondo" alla "Repubblica" (1986),[24] Incontro con Io (1994), Alla ricerca della morale perduta (1995), Il labirinto, narrazione esistenziale a sfondo filosofico (1998),[13] La ruga sulla fronte (2001), Articoli (2004), Dibattito sul laicismo (2005),[14] L'uomo che non credeva in Dio (2008), Per l'alto mare aperto. La modernità e il pensiero danzante (2010), Scuote l'anima mia Eros (2011), La passione dell'etica. Scritti (1963–2012) (2012),[14] Conversazioni con Carlo Maria Martini (2012, co-authored with Vito Mancuso ),[6] Dialogo tra credenti e non credenti, con Papa Francesco (2013), L'amore, la sfida, il destino. Il tavolo dove si gioca il senso della vita (2013), Racconto autobiografico (2014), L'allegria, il pianto, la vita (2015), L'ora del blu (2019),[14] and Il Dio unico e la società moderna. Incontri con papa Francesco e il Cardinale Carlo Maria Martini (2019).[89]
Honours and awards
Scalfari received prestigious awards, such as the Trento International Award in 1988 for "A life dedicated to journalism", the Ischia International Journalism Award to his career in 1996, the Guidarello Award for author journalism in 1998, the Saint-Vincent Award in 2003, and the Viareggio Prize in 2019. He also received honorary citizenships (Vibo Valentia in 1990, Velletri in 1993, Vinci in 2007, and Sanremo in 2008), and honours, including that of Grand Official of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (1966), the Grand Cross Knight of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (1996), and the Knight Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour (1999).[6]
References
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- ^ a b Vecchio, Concetto (23 March 2018). "Scalfari: 'Sconfiggere le Br e cambiare l'Italia. Il mio ultimo incontro con Moro'". Repubblica TV (in Italian). Retrieved 5 August 2023.
- ^ "Scalfari: 'Come funziona la mente di Eco?'". Repubblica TV (in Italian). 8 January 2015. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
- ^ "Direzione Scalfari, in ricordo del fondatore". Visual Lab (in Italian). 22 July 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Sabbatini, Riccardo, ed. (1981). "Scalfari, Eugenio". Enciclopedia Italiana (in Italian). Vol. IV Appendice. Rome: Institute of the Italian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 5 August 2023 – via Treccani.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Scàlfari, Eugenio nell'Enciclopedia Treccani". Treccani (in Italian). 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2023. Updated 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ISBN 9788857500270. Retrieved 18 July 2023 – via Google Books.
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- ^ "Eugenio Scalfari. La filosofia, l'allievo di Nietzsche e Proust". la Repubblica (in Italian). 14 July 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ Ajello, Nello (6 April 2004). "Pannunzio e la scuola del 'Mondo'". la Repubblica.
- ^ ISBN 978-88-6380-142-2.
- ^ Buttafuoco, Pietrangelo (7 June 2008). "Ero giovane, fascista e felice. L'intervista integrale di Buttafuoco a Scalfari". Il Foglio (in Italian).
- ^ ISBN 978-0-4151-4584-8. Retrieved 18 July 2023 – via Google Books.
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- ^ a b "Gruppo Editoriale L'Espresso SpA: History". Gruppo Editoriale L'Espresso. 21 June 2002. Archived from the original on 21 June 2002. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
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- ISSN 1354-571X.
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- ISBN 978-1-84545-335-0. Retrieved 18 July 2023 – via Google Books.
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- ^ "Eugenio Scalfari. L'Espresso e quello scoop sul golpe de Lorenzo". la Repubblica (in Italian). 14 July 2022. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
- ^ "Eugenio Scalfari, la storica intervista: "Pronto, sono Papa Francesco"". la Repubblica (in Italian). 14 July 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ "Eugenio Scalfari. Gli incontri in Vaticano, un laico che voleva capire". la Repubblica (in Italian). 14 July 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ Barrett, David; Squires, Nick Squires (13 July 2014). "Pope Francis says about 8,000 pedophiles are members of Catholic clergy, including bishops and cardinals". The Telegraph. Retrieved 18 July 2023 – via National Post.
- ^ Flynn, J. D. (9 October 2019). "Did Pope Francis say that Jesus isn't God? Don't believe the report, Vatican says". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-8820050290.
- ^ "Scalfari, Eugenio – Dati personali e incarichi nella V legislatura" (in Italian). Italian Chamber of Deputies. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-88-200-5029-0.
- ^ "Scalfari Eugenio – Dati personali e incarichi nella V legislatura". Camera Legislature (in Italian). 2011. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
- ^ "Eugenio Scalfari / Deputati / Camera dei deputati". Camera dei deputati – Portale storico (in Italian). 2015. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
- ^ Ceccarelli, Filippo (14 July 2022). "Le battaglie di un profeta senza partito". La Repubblica (in Italian). Retrieved 4 August 2023 – via Ecomy.it.
- ^ "Scalfari e la nascita di Repubblica". Repubblica TV - Repubblica (in Italian). 17 June 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
- ^ a b c Molinari, Maurizio (14 July 2022). "Eugenio Scalfari. Il suo giornale nato per guidare le riforme". La Repubblica (in Italian). Retrieved 3 August 2023.
- ^ Chieffi, Daniele (3 April 2009). "Eugenio Scalfari: Repubblica e il compleanno di 'barbapapà'". Nanni Magazine (in Italian). Archived from the original on 11 February 2020. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ^ Scalfari, Eugenio (16 January 2012). "Come si declina la parola libertà". L'Espresso (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 18 February 2022.
- ^ "Eugenio Scalfari. Vedi alla voce Scalfarismo". la Repubblica (in Italian). 14 July 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ Agnoli, Francesco (17 May 2011). "17 maggio 1981, disfatta dei pro life". La Nuova Bussola Quotidiana (in Italian). Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-1-101-20168-8. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
- ^ Salvadori, Massimo L. (21 August 2009). "La differenza fra cattolici e clericali". La Repubblica (in Italian). Retrieved 29 June 2023 – via FLC CGIL.
- ^ "Papa Francesco scrive a Repubblica: 'Dialogo aperto con i non-credenti'". La Repubblica (in Italian). 11 September 2013. Retrieved 17 July 2023.
- ^ Scalfari, Eugenio (9 June 2019). "Enrico Berlinguer, perché ti abbiamo voluto bene". La Repubblica (in Italian). Retrieved 17 July 2023.
- ^ Sorrentino, Carlo (30 April 2020). "'la Repubblica': è la fine di una storia?". Il Mulino (in Italian). Retrieved 28 June 2023.
- ISBN 978-8-8742-4551-2.
- ^ Bertollini, Giulia (14 July 2022). "Donata ed Enrica, chi sono le figlie di Eugenio Scalfari/ 'Un papà ingombrante ma...'". IlSussidiario.net (in Italian). Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ "Il documentario. Un padre di nome Eugenio Scalfari". la Repubblica (in Italian). 14 October 2021. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ "Donata e Enrica Scalfari: "Così papà ci ha preparate al suo addio"". la Repubblica (in Italian). 15 July 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ Bernard, Gabriel; Pasquin, Alessandro; Ricozzi, Giuliana (15 July 2022). "Il ricordo delle figlie Donata ed Enrica: 'Amico di tutti i redattori, gli confidavano anche problemi personali'". Repubblica TV (in Italian). Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ "Scalfari alla Fiera del Libro 'Il relativismo? Una opportunità'". La Repubblica (in Italian). 8 May 2005. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ^ "Papa Francesco scrive a Repubblica: 'Dialogo aperto con i non-credenti'". La Repubblica (in Italian). 11 September 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ^ Davies, Lizzy (11 September 2013). "Pope Francis tells atheists to abide by their own consciences". The Guardian. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ^ "È morto Eugenio Scalfari, il fondatore di Repubblica. Una vita da giornalista patriarca". La Repubblica (in Italian). 14 July 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
- ^ a b D'Emilio, Frances (14 July 2022). "Eugenio Scalfari, revolutionized Italy's journalism, dies". Associated Press News. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ^ "Eugenio Scalfari e il senso della vita". la Repubblica (in Italian). 14 July 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ Pope Francis (14 July 2022). "Il ricordo del Papa: 'Eugenio, amico laico, mi mancherà parlare con te'". La Repubblica (in Italian). Retrieved 3 August 2023.
- ^ "Addio a Scalfari, Molinari: 'Un uomo straordinario, con il coraggio di osare'". Repubblica TV - Repubblica (in Italian). 16 July 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ "John Elkann: 'L'intraprendenza di Eugenio Scalfari e la sua libertà di pensiero hanno reso possibile un'avventura straordinaria'". la Repubblica (in Italian). 14 July 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ "John Elkann ricorda Eugenio Scalfari: 'Ci ha insegnato ad avere coraggio sul futuro'". Repubblica TV - Repubblica (in Italian). 15 July 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ "Addio a Scalfari, Giannini: 'Tutto ciò che sembra nuovo oggi, lui l'aveva già inventato'". Repubblica TV - Repubblica (in Italian). 16 July 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ "Il ritratto. Il secolo di Eugenio Scalfari". la Repubblica (in Italian). 14 July 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ "Addio a Scalfari, l'emozione di Ezio Mauro: 'Dopo gli anni del comando, quelli della dolcezza'". Repubblica TV - Repubblica (in Italian). 16 July 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ "Enrico Letta: 'Che fortuna poter discutere con lui del futuro dell'Europa'". la Repubblica (in Italian). 15 July 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ "Eugenio Scalfari, campione di parole e di passione politica". la Repubblica (in Italian). 16 July 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ "Addio a Scalfari, Veltroni: 'Un grande italiano che solo creando diventava felice'". Repubblica TV - Repubblica (in Italian). 16 July 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ "Sostiene Scalfari. Le firme di Repubblica ricordano il fondatore e riflettono sulla crisi politica". la Repubblica (in Italian). 14 July 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ "Scalfari, i messaggi dei lettori: "Noi, cresciuti a pane e Repubblica"". la Repubblica (in Italian). 15 July 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ "L'ultimo saluto dei lettori di Repubblica a Eugenio Scalfari: 'Di uomini così non ce ne sono più'". Repubblica TV - Repubblica (in Italian). 15 July 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ "Mattarella, Draghi e i suoi lettori. L'abbraccio infinito a Scalfari nella camera ardente". la Repubblica (in Italian). 15 July 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ "Eugenio Scalfari, l'ultimo saluto ai funerali in Campidoglio. Ezio Mauro: "Grazie, la tua idea dell'Italia non ci lascerà mai"". la Repubblica (in Italian). 16 July 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ "Eugenio Scalfari. I legami internazionali; in missione con l'Europa nel cuore". la Repubblica (in Italian). 14 July 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ "Eugenio Scalfari, le reazioni nel giorno della morte. Papa: " Dolore per la scomparsa di un amico". Mattarella: "Particolarmente addolorato". Draghi: "Vuoto incolmabile"". la Repubblica (in Italian). 14 July 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ "Scalfari, così nasce la Repubblica dedicata alla scomparsa del suo fondatore". Repubblica TV - Repubblica (in Italian). 15 July 2022. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
- ^ "Eugenio Scalfari. La cultura, l'intellettuale che cancellò la terza pagina". la Repubblica (in Italian). 14 July 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ "Eugenio Scalfari, un'avventura straordinaria. L'intellettuale amato dal popolo". la Repubblica (in Italian). 14 July 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ "Eugenio Scalfari. L'economia, la sua sfida era controllare il potere". la Repubblica (in Italian). 14 July 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ https://www.repubblica.it/cultura/2022/07/15/news/eugenio_scalfari_morto_fondatore_repubblica-357895602/
- ^ "Scalfari e gli anni del cambiamento". la Repubblica (in Italian). 14 July 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ "Giorgio La Malfa: Quando Scalfari fece dialogare Ingrao con il padre Ugo". la Repubblica (in Italian). 15 July 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ "Eugenio Scalfari, i libri. Incontri con Io ed eterna ricerca sempre per l'alto mare aperto". la Repubblica (in Italian). 14 July 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
Bibliography
- Gnoli, Antonio; Merlo, Francesco (2019). Grand Hotel Scalfari: Confessioni libertine su un secolo di carta (in Italian). Padua: Marsilio. ISBN 978-88-297-0476-7. Retrieved 5 August 2023 – via Google Books.
External links
- Eugenio Scalfari at Radio Radicale (in Italian)