Eumetazoa

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Eumetazoa
Temporal range:
Ma
MolluscaScyphozoaChordataArthropodAnnelida
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa
Buetschli, 1910
Phyla
Synonyms
  • Enterozoa Lankester, 1877, em. Beklemishev[1][2]
  • Epitheliozoa Ax, 1996
  • Diploblast
    Lankester, 1873
  • Histozoa Ulrich, 1950[3][4]

Eumetazoa (from

Myriazoa clade.[10]

Several other extinct or obscure life forms, such as

gastrula
stage.

Some phylogenists once speculated the sponges and eumetazoans evolved separately from different single-celled organisms, which would have meant that the animal kingdom does not form a clade (a complete grouping of all organisms descended from a common ancestor). However, genetic studies and some morphological characteristics, like the common presence of choanocytes, now unanimously support a common origin.[12]

Traditionally, eumetazoans are a major group of

sponges.[13]
When treated as a formal taxon Eumetazoa is typically ranked as a subkingdom. The name Metazoa has also been used to refer to this group, but more often refers to the Animalia as a whole. Many classification schemes do not include a subkingdom Eumetazoa.

Taxonomy

A widely accepted hypothesis, based on molecular data (mostly 18S

Protostomia.[citation needed
]

However, some skeptics[who?] emphasize inconsistencies in the new data. The zoologist Claus Nielsen argues in his 2001 book Animal Evolution: Interrelationships of the Living Phyla for the traditional divisions of Protostomia and Deuterostomia.[citation needed]

Evolutionary origins

It has been suggested that one type of

Marinoan glaciation prior to the Ediacaran period, implying an even earlier origin for eumetazoans.[16]

References

  1. ^ Lankester, Ray (1877). "Notes on the Embryology and classification of the Animal kingdom: comprising a revision of speculations relative to the origin and significance of the germ-layers". Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science (N.S.), No. 68: 399–454.
  2. ^ Beklemishev, V. L. The basis of the comparative anatomy of the invertebrates [Основы сравнительной анатомии беспозвоночных]. 1st ed., 1944; 2nd ed., 1950; 3rd ed. (2 vols.), 1964. English translation, 1969, [1]. Akademia Nauk, Moscow, Leningrad.
  3. ISBN 9783642801143
    .
  4. ^ Ulrich, W. (1950). "Begriff und Einteilung der Protozoen". In Grüneberg, H. (ed.). Moderne Biologie. Festschrift zum 60. Geburtstag von Hans Nachtsheim (in German). Berlin: Peters. pp. 241–250.
  5. PMID 29199080
    .
  6. PMID 26621703
    .
  7. S2CID 4560353
    .
  8. doi:10.1111/zsc.12215
    .
  9. PMID 30373720
    .
  10. PMID 37198475
    .
  11. S2CID 43414178
    .
  12. S2CID 15282843
    .
  13. ^ "Systema Naturae 2000 Taxon: Subkingdom Eumetazoa". Archived 2009-03-22 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved February 2, 2006
  14. PMID 15983372
    .
  15. PMID 15537810
    .
  16. S2CID 115443209
    .

External links

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