Europe of Freedom and Democracy
Europe of Freedom and Democracy | |
---|---|
European Parliament group | |
Name | Europe of Freedom and Democracy[1][2] |
English abbr. | EFD[3] |
French abbr. | ELD |
Formal name | Europe of Freedom and Democracy Group[3] |
Ideology | |
Political position | Right-wing to far-right |
European parties | Movement for a Europe of Liberties and Democracy |
From | 1 July 2009 (de facto)[9] |
To | 24 June 2014 |
Preceded by | Independence/Democracy |
Succeeded by | Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy |
Chaired by | Nigel Farage (UKIP) Francesco Speroni (LN) |
MEP(s) | 34 |
Website | www |
Europe of Freedom and Democracy (EFD) was a
The EFD was a coalition of ten political parties – the largest being the UK Independence Party (UKIP) with eleven seats and the Italian Lega Nord, with nine seats – along with one independent. The EFD is hostile to further European integration,[14] and more nationalistic and anti-immigration than its main predecessor IND/DEM.[15] The EFD was considered to belong on the right-wing[16][17][11] to far-right[18][19][20][21] of the political spectrum.
On 24 June 2014 EFD group became Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy (EFDD) for the 8th European Parliament, with the continuing membership of just two of the eleven political parties that formed EFD.
History
Formation
Following the
Speculation regarding the new group surfaced on 30 June 2009. The name of the group was originally speculated as A Europe of Free Peoples,[9][24] or A Europe of Peoples for Liberty,[9][24] or a phrase involving the word Independence[9] or Freedom[25] or Democracy[25] or People.[9] In the absence of an official name, the nascent group was given the placeholder name of Liberty.[9] On 1 July 2009 a press conference was held launching the group.[1][2][26] That press conference named the group Europe of Freedom and Democracy.[1][2]
Andreas Mölzer, the leader of the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) European Parliament list, announced in July 2009 that FPÖ and EFD were in negotiations over FPÖ joining the group; each side had reservations about the other,[27] with UKIP, the Reformed Political Party (SGP) of the Netherlands, and the Slovak National Party (SNS) each uneasy about the inclusion of the FPÖ.[28] In June 2011, the FPÖ tried again to have its two MEPs join the faction, but was again denied, being opposed by five or six of the nine parties in the EFD.[29]
Defections
In March 2010 it was announced that MEP
In March 2011, Danish MEP
The EFD was joined by Belgian MEP
In late 2012, Slavcho Binev MEP of People for Real, Open and United Democracy (PROUD) joined the group.
In February 2013 Marta Andreasen announced she was leaving UKIP and defected to the Conservative Party.[citation needed]
In late September 2013,
Reformation for 8th European Parliament
Composition
Europe of Freedom and Democracy had 34 elected members between 2009 and 2014, they are as follows:
Leadership
- Co-president: Nigel Farage (2009–2014)
- Co-president: Francesco Speroni (2009–2014)
References
- ^ a b c Willis, Andrew (1 July 2009). "New eurosceptic group to campaign against EU treaty in Irish referendum". EU Observer. Retrieved 16 June 2012.
- ^ a b c "UKIP forms new Eurosceptic group". BBC. 1 July 2009.
- ^ a b c "Members". EDF Group. Archived from the original on 1 May 2012. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-253-00164-1.
- ^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram (2013). "European Union". Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 7 December 2013.
- ^ "[Investigation] Far-right MEPs least disciplined in following party line". EUobserver. 26 February 2024. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
- ^ Alessi, Christopher (18 November 2013). "Populist Bloc Fails to Change Agenda in European Politics". Der Spiegel. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
- ^ Müller, Manuel (27 May 2014). "After the European elections". Green European Journal. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g Phillips, Leigh (30 June 2009). "Ukip, Lega Nord form hard-right bloc in EU Parliament". EU Observer. Retrieved 16 June 2012.
- ISBN 978-0-19-957498-8. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
- ^ ISBN 978-90-5201-652-8.
- ISBN 978-0-230-11957-4.
- ISBN 978-1-137-31554-0.
- ISBN 978-1-62356-095-9.
- ISBN 978-1-135-08127-0.
- ^ Gilles Ivaldi (2011), "The Populist Radical Right in European Elections 1979–2009", The Extreme Right in Europe: Current Trends and Perspectives, Vandenhoeck & Ruprect, p. 19
- ^ Thomas Jansen; Steven Van Hecke (2011), At Europe's Service: The Origins and Evolution of the European People's Party, Springer, p. 229
- ^ Far-right MEPs form group in European Parliament, euractiv.com
- ISBN 0742566927
- ISBN 041569051X
- ^ Kietz, Daniela; von Ondarza, Nicolai (February 2014), Eurosceptics in the European Parliament: Isolated and Divided in Brussels but Driving National Debates (PDF), SWP Comments, German Institute for International and Security Affairs, p. 2
- ^ "Rules of Procedure of the European Parliament, 7th parliamentary term – July 2009, Rule 30: Formation of political groups". European Parliament. 1 July 2009. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
- ^ "Rules of Procedure of the European Parliament, 16th edition – March 2009, Rule 29: Formation of political groups". European Parliament. 6 April 2009. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
- ^ a b ""UE/ Lega Nord nel nuovo gruppo di destra euroscettica"], 30 June 2009".[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b ""EU-kritisk grupp i EU"], 30 June 2009".[permanent dead link]
- ^ "EU-Critical Group in European Parliament launches" Archived 7 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine, 1 July 2009, from http://indemgroup.eu Archived 2 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "EU-Rechtsaußen-Fraktion hat Vorbehalte gegen FPÖ". Der Standard. 3 July 2009. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
- ^ "FPÖ dürfte nicht in Rechtsaußenfraktion landen". Der Standard. 8 July 2009. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
- ^ "EFD-Fraktion: Veto gegen FPÖ-Aufnahme". Der Standard. 10 June 2011. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
- ^ a b "Rebel Euro MP is expelled by UKIP". BBC News. 4 March 2010. Retrieved 2 May 2010.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 19 March 2011. Retrieved 12 September 2010.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Colman Quits EFD". EU Reported. 30 March 2011. Archived from the original on 10 March 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2012.
- ^ "Mike NATTRASS". European Parliament. Retrieved 16 June 2012.
- ^ "UKIP MEP Campbell Bannerman defects to Conservatives". BBC News. 24 May 2011.
- ^ Rosbach leaves Danish People's Party to become ECR MEP: theparliament.com Archived 13 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Gewezen VB-voorzitter Vanhecke: "Stem op N-VA"". De Morgen. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
- ^ Piras, Mara (15 December 2011). "Contrario alla libertà di coscienza sull'aborto, Magdi Allam esce dal PPE". Archived from the original on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 19 December 2011.
- ^ Hinton-Beales, Desmond (5 March 2012). "Conservative MEP defects to UKIP". TheParliament.com. Retrieved 16 March 2012.
- ^ Национална телевизия СКАТ. "Национална телевизия СКАТ". skat.bg. Retrieved 2 March 2016.