Eustochium

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Roman Catholic Church
Eastern Orthodox Church
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Feast28 September

Eustochium (c. 368 – September 28, 419 or 420), born Eustochium Julia at Rome, was a high-ranking member of the community, specifically the Julian clan.[1] Eustochium was a fourth-century noblewoman and consecrated virgin, venerated as a saint by the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church. Guided by the teachings of Jerome,[2] Eustochium practiced asceticism and committed her life to perpetual celibacy.[3]

Biography

Eustochium was the daughter of Paula of Rome and the third of four daughters of the Roman Senator Toxotius, for whom Saint Jerome made a number of disputable claims of ancestry.[4] Jerome was a church father in early Christian history who is well known for translating the Holy Bible into Latin and encouraging the practice of asceticism.[2] After the death of her husband around 380 Paula and her daughter Eustochium lived in Rome as austere a life as the fathers of the desert. Eustochium had three sisters, Blaesilla, Paulina, and Rufina, and a brother, Toxotius.[5]

Saint Jerome, Saint Paula, and Saint Eustochium, at National Gallery of Art in Washington.

When Jerome came to Rome from Palestine in 382, they put themselves under his spiritual and educational guidance. Hymettius, an uncle of Eustochium, and his wife Praetextata tried to persuade the youthful Eustochium to give up her austere life and enjoy the pleasures of the world, but all their attempts were futile. About the year 384 she made a vow of perpetual virginity, on which occasion Jerome addressed to her his celebrated letter De custodia virginitatis (Ep. xxii in P.L., XXII, 394–425). A year later Jerome returned to Palestine and soon after was followed by Paula and Eustochium.[5]

Eustochium and Paula knew Jerome ever since his arrival in Rome in 382.

scripture
under the direction of Jerome.

Eustochium spoke

Isaias and Ezekiel
.

The letters which Jerome wrote for her instruction and spiritual advancement are, according to his own testimony,[7] very numerous. Jerome wrote Epitaph on Saint Paula, or Letter 108, honoring a friend and comrade in the form of a letter to Eustochium.[8] Within Letter 108, Jerome briefly states that he's writing the letter to comfort Eustochium after her mother's death.[9] Jerome's letter to Eustochium could be considered slander towards women. One modern scholar pointed to Jerome's opinions on ideal sexuality and body restrictions for women.[10] However, his letters to Eustochium did not direct slander towards her, but rather praised her for her perpetual virginity.[9] Another scholar[11] considers his letter to be the finest expression of his ascetic doctrine.[9] After the death of Paula in 404, Eustochium assumed the direction of the nunneries.[5] Her task was a difficult one on account of the impoverished condition of the temporal affairs which was brought about by the lavish almsgiving of Paula. Jerome provided his encouragement and advice.

In 417, a crowd of ruffians attacked and pillaged the monasteries of Bethlehem, destroyed one of them by fire, besides killing and maltreating some of the residents. It is alleged

Volusianus.[13]
The Catholic Church celebrates her feast on 28 September.

Veneration

In 2022, Saint Eustochium was officially added to the

Episcopal Church liturgical calendar with a feast day on 28 September, along with her mother, Saint Paula of Rome.[14]

See also

References

  1. ^ "St. Paula and St. Eustochium in Art". www.christianiconography.info. Retrieved 2023-05-05.
  2. ^ a b "Jerome", Wikipedia, 2023-05-02, retrieved 2023-05-05
  3. ^
    OCLC 827946924
    .
  4. Gracchi
    (Jerome, Epistle cxviii). Modern genealogists don't typically lend these claims much credence.
  5. ^ a b c "Saints Paula and Eustochium", Christian Iconography
  6. ^ "Eustochium". www.brooklynmuseum.org. Retrieved 2023-05-05.
  7. ^ De Viris Illustribus, cap. cxxxv.
  8. OCLC 1349535407.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  9. ^
    S2CID 170358429
    .
  10. OCLC 248473501.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  11. S2CID 170928486
    .
  12. ^ Public Domain Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "St. Eustochium Julia". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  13. ^ T. S. M. Mommaerts & D. H. Kelley, The Anicii of Gaul and Rome, in Fifth-century Gaul: a Crisis of Identity?, ed. by John Drinkwater and Hugh Elton, (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge & New York, 1992) 120–121.
  14. ^ "General Convention Virtual Binder". www.vbinder.net. Archived from the original on 2022-09-13. Retrieved 2022-07-22.

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "St. Eustochium Julia". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

External links

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