Evaporation pond
Evaporation ponds are artificial
Uses
Extraction
Salt evaporation ponds produce salt from seawater.[4] Evaporation ponds are used to extract Lithium from underground brine solution. The extracted Lithium is then used to make ion batteries.[5][3] Mines use them to separate ore from water. The ore can be sold for use in different industries. [3] Potash evaporation ponds are used to extract potassium from the mineral rich solution. The potassium extracted is used for products like fertilizer.[6]
Storage
Evaporation ponds are also used to dispose of
Design and operation
Location of the evaporation pond should be considered for optimal results. Evaporation ponds are designed to be effective in areas with high amounts of solar radiation, high temperatures, and low wind levels. Evaporation ponds operate best at shallow depths which require a large amount of land usage.[2]A shallow pond covering greater surface area will result in faster rates of evaporation.[2] Evaporation pond liners that range in quality and cost are used to prevent contamination. Evaporation pond liners are categorized as geomembrane, constructed bentonite clay, or natural clay.[7] Each pond liner is prone to leakage and requires regular maintenance. [2] The contents of the evaporation pond depend on the use, the evaporation pond will contain water and the desired contents hoping to be extracted. The desired contents range from waste to minerals. The sun will promote evaporation of water from the pond. The remaining contents are either stored or extracted. [2]
Health impacts
Evaporation ponds, when not
Environmental impacts
Evaporation ponds pose a threat to
Technology
Advancing technology has made evaporation pond design and implementation more effective. With new resources such as fabric evaporations for salt-tolerant plants, the ponds' costs and environmental impacts can be mediated.[9]
See also
References
- ISBN 978-3-642-24852-8, retrieved 2022-12-06
- ^ PMID 34328881.
- ^ S2CID 55569094.
- ^ ISSN 0011-9164.
- S2CID 219452489.
- S2CID 135183148.
- ^ Breitenbach, A.J. (September 2006). "Overview of geomembrane history in the mining industry" (PDF). Geosynthetics: 1.
- ISSN 1474-7065.
- ISSN 0011-9164.
- California Department of Water Resources - Evaporation Ponds
- University of Wyoming - Design Information for Evaporation Ponds in Wyoming
- USDA - Turning Evaporation Ponds into Arable Land
- World Bank - AgWater Sourcebook
- Hoque, Shamia; Alexander, Terry; Gurian, Patrick L. (2010-01-01). "Innovative Technologies Increase Evaporation Pond Efficiency". IDA Journal of Desalination and Water Reuse. 2 (1): 72–78. ISSN 1947-7953.
- "Innovative Technologies Increase Evaporation Pond Efficiency". ResearchGate. Retrieved 2021-09-26.
- "Evaporation Pond | How to Increase Efficiency". AGRU America. 2018-12-26. Retrieved 2021-09-26.