Expedition of Usama bin Zayd
Expedition of Usama ibn Zayd | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Part of The Arab-Byzantine wars | |||||||
| |||||||
Belligerents | |||||||
Rashidun Caliphate | Byzantine Empire | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Heraclius | |||||||
Strength | |||||||
Approximately 3,000 soldiers | Unknown | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
Unknown | Unknown |
The Expedition of Usama bin Zayd was a military expedition of the early Muslim
.After the
Zayd ibn Harithah, had been killed.[3]
Usama's campaign was successful and his army was the first Muslim force to successfully invade and raid
Muslim conquest of Egypt
, both of which took place during Usama's lifetime.
Background
The
Zayd ibn Harithah), were killed, the command was given to Khalid ibn al-Walid and he succeeded in saving the rest of the forces.[5] The surviving Muslim forces retreated to Medina
.
After the
Zayd ibn Harithah, had been killed.[3][7] Usama gathered a force of approximately 3000 men, of which 1000 were cavalry soldiers, and Abu Bakr had intended on joining Usama on campaign. Usama had also sent spies ahead of him, from which he learned that the enemy were still unaware of the imminent approach of his army.[8]
However, due to Muhammad's death on 8 June, the campaign was delayed and
Umar Ibn Al-Khattab
, due to Usama's youth.
Abu Bakr was under great pressure regarding this expedition due to rising rebellion and
Arabia, but he was determined.[12] reaffirmed the decision of Muhammad and dispatched the expedition under Usama's leadership.[13]
Expedition
According to
Tabari states that the expedition was successful, and Usama reached
Byzantine territory, thus paving the way for the subsequent Muslim conquests of Syria and Egypt from the Byzantine Empire.[Notes 2]
This expedition became notable in Islam history due to how the still eighteen year old Usama was appointed as overall commander, leading veterans and high ranked
companions of Muhammad such as Umar, Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, Sa'id ibn Zayd, Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah, and Qatada ibn al-Nu'man.[Notes 3]
See also
- List of expeditions of Muhammad
- Muslim conquest of the Levant
- Ridda Wars
- Ghazwa
- Islamic military jurisprudence
- Zayd ibn Haritha
References
Notes
- ^ Then (Abu Bakr) said, "Oh army, stop and I will order you [to do] ten [things]; learn them from me by heart. You shall not engage in treachery; you shall not act unfaithfully; you shall not engage in deception; you shall not indulge in mutilation; you shall kill neither a young child nor an old man nor a woman; you shall not fell palm trees or burn them, you shall not cut down [any] fruit-bearing tree; you shall not slaughter a sheep or a cow or a camel except for food. You will pass people who occupy themselves in monks' cells; leave them alone, and leave alone what they busy themselves with. You will come to a people who will bring you vessels in which are varieties of food; if you eat anything from [those dishes], mention the name of God over them. You will meet a people who have shaven the middle of their head and have left around it [a ring of hair] like turbans; tap them lightly with the sword. Go ahead, in God's name!"[14]
- ^ Recorded by Ibn al-Jawzi his Talqīḥ fuhūm ahl al-athar fī ʻuyūn al-tārīkh wa-al-siyar and Nur ad-Din al-Halabi in his Al sirah al halabiyah Juz 2 : The biography of al-'amin al-ma'mun.[17][18]
Sources
- ISBN 978-9960897714.
- ^ a b Gil, A history of Palestine, 634-1099, p. 31.
- ^ a b Razwy, Sayed Ali Asgher. A Restatement of the History of Islam & Muslims. p. 283.
- ^ El Hareir & M'Baye 2011, p. 142.
- ^ a b Buhl 1993, p. 756-757.
- ^ Kaegi 1992, p. 67.
- ^ "online". Archived from the original on 8 November 2012.
- ^ Gil, A history of Palestine, 634-1099, p. 32.
- ^ Al-Farooq a book by Shubli No'mani
- ^ "19 - The Life of Imam Ali: Prophet's (pbuh) Death - Dr. Sayed Ammar Nakshwani - Ramadhan 1435". YouTube. YouTube.
- ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar (Free Version), p. 303
- ^ "Abu Bakr | Biography & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 6 November 2021.
He suppressed the tribal political and religious uprisings known as the riddah ("political rebellion," sometimes translated as "apostasy"), thereby bringing central Arabia under Muslim control.
- ^ Gil, A history of Palestine, 634-1099, pp. 31-32.
- ^ ISBN 978-0791410714
- ^ Al-Muwatta; Book 21, Number 21.3.10.
- ISBN 1-4289-1039-5
- ISBN 9789953442112. Retrieved 9 December 2021.Nur ad-Din al-Halabi, Ali (632). "سرية أسامة بن زيد بن حارثة رضي الله تعالى عنه إلى أبنى". Retrieved 9 December 2021.
- ^ bin Burhan Al-Din Al-Halabi, Ali. "سرية أسامة بن زيد بن حارثة رضي الله تعالى عنه إلى أبنى". Wikisource (in Arabic). Wikisource. Retrieved 9 December 2021.al-Jumayli, Said (1995). كتاب غزوات النبي صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم. Beirut: Dar al-Hilal. p. 142. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
Bibliography
- Buhl, F. (1993). "Muʾta". In ISBN 978-90-04-09419-2.
- El Hareir, Idris; M'Baye, El Hadji Ravane (2011). The Different Aspects of Islam Culture: Volume 3, The Spread of Islam throughout the World. UNESCO publishing.
- ISBN 0-521-59984-9.
- ISBN 978-0521411721.
- Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman Al (2005), The Sealed Nectar (Free Version), Darussalam Publications, ]. Note: This is the free version available on Google Books