Expedition of Usama bin Zayd

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Expedition of Usama ibn Zayd
Part of The
Arab-Byzantine wars
DateJune 632 A.D.
Location
Balqa, modern-day Jordan
Result
  • Successful operation
Belligerents
Rashidun Caliphate Byzantine Empire
Commanders and leaders
Heraclius
Strength
Approximately 3,000 soldiers Unknown
Casualties and losses
Unknown Unknown

The Expedition of Usama bin Zayd was a military expedition of the early Muslim

Syria.[1][2] The expedition came three years after the Battle of Mu'tah
.

After the

Zayd ibn Harithah, had been killed.[3]

Usama's campaign was successful and his army was the first Muslim force to successfully invade and raid

Muslim conquest of Egypt
, both of which took place during Usama's lifetime.

Background

The

Zayd ibn Harithah), were killed, the command was given to Khalid ibn al-Walid and he succeeded in saving the rest of the forces.[5] The surviving Muslim forces retreated to Medina
.

After the

Zayd ibn Harithah, had been killed.[3][7] Usama gathered a force of approximately 3000 men, of which 1000 were cavalry soldiers, and Abu Bakr had intended on joining Usama on campaign. Usama had also sent spies ahead of him, from which he learned that the enemy were still unaware of the imminent approach of his army.[8]

However, due to Muhammad's death on 8 June, the campaign was delayed and

Umar Ibn Al-Khattab
, due to Usama's youth.

Abu Bakr was under great pressure regarding this expedition due to rising rebellion and

Arabia, but he was determined.[12] reaffirmed the decision of Muhammad and dispatched the expedition under Usama's leadership.[13]

Expedition

According to

Tabari states that the expedition was successful, and Usama reached

Byzantine territory, thus paving the way for the subsequent Muslim conquests of Syria and Egypt from the Byzantine Empire.[Notes 2]

This expedition became notable in Islam history due to how the still eighteen year old Usama was appointed as overall commander, leading veterans and high ranked

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ Then (Abu Bakr) said, "Oh army, stop and I will order you [to do] ten [things]; learn them from me by heart. You shall not engage in treachery; you shall not act unfaithfully; you shall not engage in deception; you shall not indulge in mutilation; you shall kill neither a young child nor an old man nor a woman; you shall not fell palm trees or burn them, you shall not cut down [any] fruit-bearing tree; you shall not slaughter a sheep or a cow or a camel except for food. You will pass people who occupy themselves in monks' cells; leave them alone, and leave alone what they busy themselves with. You will come to a people who will bring you vessels in which are varieties of food; if you eat anything from [those dishes], mention the name of God over them. You will meet a people who have shaven the middle of their head and have left around it [a ring of hair] like turbans; tap them lightly with the sword. Go ahead, in God's name!"[14]
  2. Ghassanid vassals) and raiding Abil. He took captives and booty, and his completion of the mission was within forty days, excepting the time of his return."[14]
  3. ^ Recorded by Ibn al-Jawzi his Talqīḥ fuhūm ahl al-athar fī ʻuyūn al-tārīkh wa-al-siyar and Nur ad-Din al-Halabi in his Al sirah al halabiyah Juz 2 : The biography of al-'amin al-ma'mun.[17][18]

Sources

  1. .
  2. ^ a b Gil, A history of Palestine, 634-1099, p. 31.
  3. ^ a b Razwy, Sayed Ali Asgher. A Restatement of the History of Islam & Muslims. p. 283.
  4. ^ El Hareir & M'Baye 2011, p. 142.
  5. ^ a b Buhl 1993, p. 756-757.
  6. ^ Kaegi 1992, p. 67.
  7. ^ "online". Archived from the original on 8 November 2012.
  8. ^ Gil, A history of Palestine, 634-1099, p. 32.
  9. ^ Al-Farooq a book by Shubli No'mani
  10. ^ "19 - The Life of Imam Ali: Prophet's (pbuh) Death - Dr. Sayed Ammar Nakshwani - Ramadhan 1435". YouTube. YouTube.
  11. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar (Free Version), p. 303
  12. ^ "Abu Bakr | Biography & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 6 November 2021. He suppressed the tribal political and religious uprisings known as the riddah ("political rebellion," sometimes translated as "apostasy"), thereby bringing central Arabia under Muslim control.
  13. ^ Gil, A history of Palestine, 634-1099, pp. 31-32.
  14. ^
  15. ^ Al-Muwatta; Book 21, Number 21.3.10.
  16. . Retrieved 9 December 2021.
  17. ^ bin Burhan Al-Din Al-Halabi, Ali. "سرية أسامة بن زيد بن حارثة رضي الله تعالى عنه إلى أبنى". Wikisource (in Arabic). Wikisource. Retrieved 9 December 2021.al-Jumayli, Said (1995). كتاب غزوات النبي صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم. Beirut: Dar al-Hilal. p. 142. Retrieved 9 December 2021.

Bibliography