, with the action open and the scalloped triangularly shaped extractor visible at the base of the two barrels. The opening lever and the safety catch are visible
In
cartridges from the chamber, in order to vacate the chamber for loading a fresh round of ammunition
.
In
bolts, the extractor is often one or a set of hook-like flanges on the bolt head that grab onto the casing's rim, so when the bolt moves rearwards the casing is pulled out of the chamber. It is typically aided by a protruding ejector in the receiver or the bolt, which provides an opposite counter-push that couples
with the extractor pull to expel the casing entirely out of the gun.
In modern
double-barrel shotguns) and revolver firearms, the extractor is a protrusible piece with flanges on the barrel/cylinder
side, which pushes rearwards on the casing's rim and slides it out of the chambers. Some such extractors can push hard and far enough that they completely clear the cases out of the gun, thereby also performing the function of an ejector.
Use
simplified 3D model of an ejection process
Extractors are a hallmark feature of repeating firearms, and can be found on
fully automatic firearms. Extractors are also found on revolvers, removing cases either in succession (as in a fixed-cylinder single-action revolver) or simultaneously (as in a double-action revolver with a swing-out or top-breakcylinder). For rimmed cases, the protruded rim
serves as the grabbing point from which the extractor works. For rimless cases, the groove at the base serves as the grabbing point from which the extractor works.
Not all
double-barrel shotguns
.
In bolt-action, lever-action, pump-action, semi-automatic, and fully automatic firearms, the extractor typically work in conjunction with a separate ejector to remove completely a fired, empty cartridge case from the weapon. The extractor moves with the bolt to pull the cartridge case rearwards out of the chamber, and at some point the ejector eccentrically exerts a frontal push (from the case's frame of reference), which torques and "flicks" the case out of a side opening on the receiver known as the ejector port.
Another example of extractor exists in the form of a pivoting lever attached to the bolt head that lacks a separate rammer, but works by ejecting first the rear of the cartridge to exit through the ejection port instead of the case head/bottleneck. This type of component does the job of both extractor/rammer but is mostly found on firearms using simple blowback, lever/tilting bolt locking/delay etc. rather than rotating bolts.
History
Beretta Bobcat
semi-automatic pistol
Some very early
Beretta Bobcat, Beretta Model 21A, and clones of the Beretta designs such as the Taurus PT22
that are successful. These modern pistols typically have flip-up barrels, to permit easy loading without necessarily cycling a slide against a strong recoil spring, making these pistols suitable for use by people with minimal hand strength. The trade off made is that in the event of a cartridge primer malfunction, the gun is rendered useless until the action can be cycled by someone with full hand strength. Still, for someone without the hand strength to handle a semi-automatic firearm with a slide against a strong recoil spring, the trade is often made.
An extractor also performs the function of an ejector in revolvers. When the striking force applied to the ejector rod is hard and fast enough, the extractor will typically eject the empty case(s) from the cylinder. Some break-action shotguns are also designed to eject empty shells completely out of the chamber when the barrel is opened.
See also
Loaded chamber indicator
, sometimes work in conjunction with the extractor
